the Romish ecclesiastical law, the last monitory, published after three admonitions, and before the last excommunication. Before they proceed to fulminate the last excommunication, they publish an aggravation, and a re-aggravation. Fevret observes, that in France the minister is not allowed to come to re-aggravation, without the permission of the bishop or official, as well as that of the lay judge. See Excommunication.

Real, César Vichard de St., a polite French writer, son of a counsellor to the senate of Chambery in Savoy. He came young to France, distinguished himself at Paris by several ingenious productions, and resided there a long time without title or dignity, intent upon literary pursuits. He died at Chambery in 1692, advanced in years, though not in circumstances. He was a man of great parts and penetration, a lover of the sciences, and particularly fond of history. A complete edition of his works was printed at Paris, in 3 vols 4to, 1745, and another in 6 vols 12mo.

Real Presence. See Transubstantiation.

Realgar, a preparation of arsenic. See Arsenic, Chemistry Index.