in Law, the person who gives lands or tenements to another in tail, &c.; as he to whom such lands, &c. are given, is the donee.

**DOOMSDAY BOOK.** See DOMESDAY BOOK.

**DOOR,** in Architecture. See ARCHITECTURE, No. 76.

**DOR,** the English name of the common black beetle. Some apply it also to the dusty beetle, that flies about hedges in the evening. See SCARABEUS, ENTOMOLOGY Index.

**DORADO,** in Astronomy, a southern constellation, not visible in our latitude; it is also called *xiphius*. The stars of this constellation, in Sharp's Catalogue, are fix.

**DORCHESTER,** the capital of Dorsetshire, situated on the river Frome, on a Roman road, eight miles north of Weymouth. W. Long. 2° 45'. N. Lat. 50° 40'. It gives the title of marquis to the noble family of Pierpoint, duke of Kingston; sends two members to parliament; and is a town of great antiquity.

**DOREE,** or JOHN DOREE. See ZEUS, ICHTHYOLOGY Index.

**DORIA,** ANDREW, a gallant Genoese sea officer, born in 1466. He entered into the service of Francis I. of France; but preserved that spirit of independence so natural to a sailor and a republican. When the French attempted to render Savona, long the object of jealousy of Genoa, its rival in trade, Doria remonstrated against the measure in a high tone; which bold action, represented by the malice of his courtiers in the most odious light, irritated Francis to that degree, that he ordered his admiral Barbeleux to fail to Genoa, then in the hands of the French troops, to arrest Doria, and to seize his galleys. This rash order Doria got timely hints of; retired with all his galleys to a place of safety; and, while his resentment was thus raised, he closed with the offers of the emperor Charles V. returned his commission with the collar of St Michael to Francis, and hoisted the Imperial colours. To deliver his country, weary alike of the French and Imperial yoke, from the dominion of foreigners, was now Doria's highest ambition; and the favourable moment offered. Genoa was afflicted with the pestilence, the French garrison was greatly reduced and ill paid, and the inhabitants were sufficiently disposed to second his views. He sailed to the harbour with 13 galleys, landed 500 men, and made himself master of the gates and the palace with very little resistance. The French governor with his feeble garrison retired to the citadel, but was quickly forced to capitulate; when the people ran together, and levelled the citadel with the ground. It was now in Doria's power to have rendered himself the sovereign of his country; but, with a magnanimity of which there are few examples, he assembled the people in the court before the palace, disclaimed all pre-eminence, and recommended to them to settle that form of government they chose to establish. The people, animated by his spirit, forgot their factions, and fixed that form of government which has subsisted ever since with little variation. This event happened in 1528. Doria lived to a great age, respected and beloved as a private citizen; and is still celebrated in Genoa by the most honourable of all appellations, "The father of his country, and the restorer of its liberty."

**DORIC,** in general, anything belonging to the Dorians, an ancient people of Greece, inhabiting near Mount Parnassus. See DORIS.

**DORIC,** in Architecture, is the second of the five orders; being that between the Tuscan and Ionic. It is usually placed upon the Attic base, though originally it had no base. See ARCHITECTURE, No. 43.

At its first invention it was more simple than at present; and when in after times it was more adorned and enriched, the appellation Doric was restrained to this richer manner, and the primitive simple manner was called by a new name, the Tuscan order, which was chiefly used in temples; as the former, being more light and delicate, was for porticoes and theatres. The tradition is, that Dorus, king of Achaea, having first built a temple of this order at Argos, which he dedicated to Juno, occasioned it to be called Doric; though others derive its name from its being invented or used by the Dorians.

The moderns, on account of its solidity, use it in large strong buildings; as in the gates of cities and citadels, the outside of churches, and other massy works, where delicacy of ornament would be unsuitable. The gate of Burlington house in Piccadilly is of the Doric order. The most considerable ancient monuments of this order, are the theatre of Marcellus at Rome, wherein the capital, the height of the frieze, and its projection, are much smaller than in the modern architecture; and the Parthenon, or temple of Minerva, at Athens, in which the short and maffy columns bear upon the pavement without a base; and the capital is a simple torus, with its cineture, and a square, plain, and solid abacus.

Doric Cymatium. See Cyma.