or Magicians, an ancient religious sect in Persia, and other eastern countries, who maintained that there were two principles, one the cause of all good, the other the cause of all evil: and, abominating the adoration of images, they worshipped God only by fire; which they looked upon as the brightest and most glorious symbol of Ormaldes, or the good god; as darkness is the truest symbol of Arimanus, or the evil god. This religion was reformed by Zoroaster, who maintained that there was one supreme independent Being; and under him two principles or angels, one the angel of goodness and light, and the other of evil and darkness; that there is a perpetual struggle between them, which shall last to the end of the world; that then the angel of darkness and his disciples shall go into a world of their own, where they shall be punished in everlasting darkness; and the angel of light and his disciples shall also go into a world of their own, where they shall be rewarded in everlasting light.

The priests of the magi were the most skilful mathematicians and philosophers of the ages in which they lived, inasmuch that a learned man and a magician became equivalent terms. The vulgar looked on their knowledge as supernatural; and hence those who practised wicked and mischievous arts, taking upon themselves the name of magicians, drew on it that ill figuration which the word magician now bears among us.

This sect still subsists in Persia under the denomination of saurs, where they watch the sacred fire with the greatest care, and never suffer it to be extinguished.

Magic, (Magia, Μαγια), in its ancient sense, the science or discipline and doctrine of the magi, or wise men of Persia. See Magi.

The origin of magic and the magi is ascribed to Zoroaster. Salmagius derives the very name from Zoroaster, who, he says, was named Mag, whence Magus. Others, instead of making him the author of the Persian philosophy, make him only the reformer and improver thereof; alleging, that many of the Persian rites in use among the magi were borrowed from the Zabii among the Chaldeans, who agreed in many things with the magi of the Persians; whence some make the name magus common both to the Chaldeans and Persians. Thus Plutarch mentions, that Zoroaster instituted magi among the Chaldeans, in imitation whereof the Persians had theirs too.