that virtue which a man is said to possess who moderates and restrains his sensual appetites. It is often, however, used in a much more general sense, as synonymous with moderation, and is then applied indiscriminately to all the passions.

Temperance (says Mr Nelson) is the virtue that bridles our irregular desires; it is nearly allied to prudence, and has a close connection with justice; it calms revenge, and quenches the fire of unjust resentment; it checks the epicure, and flops the riotous hand of the Bacchanalian; it extinguishes or abates the flames of lust, and banishes every lawless action; it silences the flippant detrating tongue, and gives in its stead a pleasing moderation of speech; it shuts the door against avarice, and proves experimentally, that happiness does not consist in the eager pursuit or acquisition of riches, but in a contented mind; it curbs the strongest of all other passions, gaming, and distinguishes judiciously the absurdity and folly of making that a dangerous trade, which was only designed as a relaxation and an amusement: temperance, in a word, is the parent of many virtues; the parent of peace, prosperity, health, and joy.

Nothing can be more strange to all observation than the practice of forsaking temperance; since every day's experience proves to us, that intemperance produces the opposite to what we seek. Suppose, when a child is born, we ask the parents what it is they wish in that child; they will answer, life. But as life alone, that is, mere existence, may, by infirmity or other accidents, be very wretched, they will naturally wish for health and happiness. Well then, life, health, and happiness, are the general wishes of parents for their children. Now let us see how their wishes are likely to succeed. Their first step is usually a shameful neglect of the food of nature, the breast; the next, a blind gratification of their will; the third, an almost total neglect of their manners; and a fourth, the cherishing them in every irregular affection. Where then is the wonder that parents are disappointed? Life and health depend on proper food and other judicious management on one part; and if sick, an obedience to remedies on the other part; and happiness essentially depends in the first place on health; in the next, on the due government of our senses, affections, and passions. See here how much mankind deviate from themselves; how far they depart from their own

3. A scale of g G divided into 60 parts, for the beats of the major third C e. 4. A scale of g G divided into 72 parts, for the beats of the minor third C e b. 5. A scale of g G divided into 48 parts for the beats of the fourth c f. 6. A scale of g G divided into 89 parts for the beats of the minor third g e. 7. And, g G divided into 80 parts for the beats of the major third f a. Thus provided, and having determined by Dr Smith's construction, the temperament of 'g', 'd', 'a', 'e', 'b', and 'f', the accurate tuning of the whole octave as a system of mean tones with perfect major thirds may be completed as follows.

Let 'f' be tuned a perfect major third above 'd'; 'g' a perfect major third above 'e', and c a perfect major third above 'a'.

Let 'b' be tuned a perfect major third below 'd', and 'e b' a perfect major third below 'g'.

(H) To adjust the temperer to this mode, let EG (fig. 2.) be divided in p, so that E p may be to p G, as 3 to 5. Then draw C p, cutting g C in g', and C d shall be the temperer required. It will be found that E d and G g' are each of them 32 of their respective scales.

Let therefore 'c g' beat 32 times in 16 seconds

<table> <tr><th>G c</th><td>32</td></tr> <tr><th>G d'</th><td>24</td></tr> <tr><th>G b'</th><td>24, and tune 'b' b</td></tr> <tr><th>'d' a</th><td>36, and tune a 'a'</td></tr> <tr><th>'d' f'f'</th><td>36</td></tr> <tr><th>'a' e</th><td>27</td></tr> <tr><th>'a' c'</th><td>27</td></tr> <tr><th>e b</th><td>40\frac{1}{2}</td></tr> <tr><th>e g'</th><td>40\frac{1}{2}</td></tr> <tr><th>F' c'</th><td>21\frac{1}{2}, and tune F' f'</td></tr> <tr><th>FA</th><td>21\frac{1}{2}, proving A 'a'</td></tr> <tr><th>B b' f'</th><td>28\frac{1}{2}, and tune B b' b' b'</td></tr> <tr><th>'e' b' b' b'</th><td>38\frac{1}{2}</td></tr> <tr><th>'C' c</th><td>perfect</td></tr> </table> own principles. But what is the remedy? Nothing more obvious. Let parents exercise their reason in all the steps they take for their children's welfare; let them examine right and wrong; let them not only avoid passion, but labour to correct their own errors of judgement, that they may be the better enabled to prevent them in their children; but, particularly, let them fix in them the knowledge, love, and habit, of temperance.