one of the ancient Cyclades, lying between Tenedos and Euboea: being one mile distant from the former, and ten from the latter. The ancients gave it various names, viz. Cauros, Lasa, Nonagria, Epagris, Antandros, and Hydrufa. The name of Andros it received from one Andreas, appointed, according to Diodorus Siculus, by Rhadamantius, one of the generals, to govern the Cyclades, after they had of their own accord submitted to him. As to the name of Antandros, the same author tells us, that Alcænus the son of Æneas, being taken prisoner by the Pelasgians, gave them this island for his ransom, which on that account was called Antandros, or "delivered for one man." The name of Hydrufa it obtained in common with other places well supplied with water. It had formerly a city of great note, bearing the same name, and situated very advantageously on the brow of a hill, which commanded the whole coast. In this city, according to Strabo and Pliny, stood a famous temple dedicated to Bacchus. Near this temple, Miltiades, as quoted by Pliny, tells us, there was a spring called the gift of Jupiter; the water of which had the taste of wine in the month of January, during the feast of Bacchus, which lasted seven days. The same author adds, that the waters, if carried to a place whence the temple could not be seen, lost their miraculous taste. Pausanias makes no mention of this spring; but says, that, during the feast of Bacchus, wine flowed, or was at least by the Andrians believed to flow, from the temple of that god. The priests, no doubt, found their account in keeping up this belief, by conveying, through secret conduits, a great quantity of wine into the temple.

The Andrians were the first of all the islanders who joined joined the Persians at the time Xerxes invaded Greece; and therefore Themistocles, after the victory at Salamis, resolved to attack the city of Andros, and oblige the inhabitants to pay large contributions for the maintenance of his fleet. Having landed his men on the island, he sent heralds to the magistrates, acquainting them, that the Athenians were coming against them with two powerful divinities, persuasion and force; and therefore they must part with their money by fair means or foul. The Andrians replied, That they likewise had two mighty deities who were very fond of their island, viz. poverty and impotency; and therefore could give no money. Themistocles, not satisfied with this answer, laid siege to the town; which he probably made himself master of and destroyed, as we are informed by Plutarch, that Pericles, a few years after, sent thither a colony of 250 Athenians. It was, however, soon retaken by the Persians; and, on the overthrow of that empire by Alexander the Great, submitted to him, along with the other islands. On his death it sided with Antigonus, who was driven out by Ptolemy. The successors of the last mentioned prince held it till the time of the Romans; when Attalus, king of Pergamus, besieged the metropolis at the head of a Roman army; and, having taken it, was by them put in possession of the whole island. Upon the death of Attalus the republic claimed this island, as well as his other dominions, in virtue of his last will.

Andros is now subject to the Turks; and contains a town of the same name, with a great many villages. It is the most fruitful island in all the Archipelago, and yields a great quantity of silk. There are said to be about 12,000 inhabitants, besides those of the villages Arni and Amoldos, who are about two hundred, have a different language and customs, and are called Albanais. There are seven monasteries, a great number of churches, and a cathedral for the bishops of the Roman Catholic persuasion; but most of the inhabitants are of the Greek communion. The Jesuits had a house and a church in this island; but they were forced to quit them long ago. Here are some delightful valleys; but the air is bad, and the water of the city worse. The women would be agreeable enough, if it was not for their dress, which is very unbecoming; for they fluff out their clothes without the least regard to their shape: but the Albanese women make a much better appearance. The peasants make wicker-baskets, wherewith they supply the greatest part of the Archipelago. They have all sorts of game in the woods and mountains, but know not how to take them for want of guns. Their principal food is goats flesh; for there is no fish to be met with on their coasts. When they are sick, they are obliged to let the disease take its natural course, having neither physician nor surgeon on the island. A cadi, assisted by a few of the principal persons of the island, has the management of civil affairs, and his residence is in the castle: an aga, who presides over the military force, lives in a tower without the city. About two miles from the present town are still to be seen the ruins of a strong wall, with the fragments of many columns, chapiters, bases, broken statues, and several inscriptions, some of which mention the senate and people of Andros, and the priests of Bacchus; from which it is probable that this was the site of the ancient city. E. Long. 25° 30'. N. Lat. 37° 50'.

Ancient Geography, an island in the Irish sea (Pliny), called Hedros by Ptolemy. Now Bardley, distant about a mile from the coast of North Wales.