a famous physician, who lived about the end of the 13th and beginning of the 14th century. He studied at Paris and Montpellier, and travelled through Italy and Spain. He was well acquainted with languages, and particularly with the Greek, Hebrew, and Arabic. He was at great pains to gratify his ardent desire after knowledge; but this passion carried him rather too far in his researches: he endeavoured to discover future events by astrology, imagining this science to be infallible; and upon this foundation he published a prediction, that the world would come to an end in the middle of the 14th century. He practised physic at Paris for some time; but having advanced some new doctrines, he drew upon himself the resentment of the university; and his friends, fearing he might be arrested, persuaded him to retire from that city. Upon his leaving France, he retired to Sicily, where he was received by King Frederick of Arragon with the greatest marks of kindness and esteem. Some time afterwards, this prince sent him to France, to attend Pope Clement in an illness; and he was shipwrecked on the coast of Genoa, about the year 1313. The works of Arnaud, with his life prefixed, were printed in one volume in folio, at Lyons, in 1520; and at Basil in 1585, with the notes of Nicholas Tolerus.

ARNAUD D'ANDILLY, Robert, the son of a celebrated advocate of the parliament of Paris, was born in 1588; and being introduced young at court, was employed in many considerable offices, all which he discharged with great integrity and reputation. In 1644, he quitted business, and retired into the convent of Port Royal des Champs, where he passed the remainder of his days in a continued application to works of piety and devotion; and enriched the French language with many excellent translations of different writers, as well as with religious compositions of his own. He died in 1674, and his works are printed in 8 vols. folio.

ARNAUD, Antony, brother of the preceding, and a doctor of the Sorbonne, was born in 1612. He published, in 1643, A Treatise on frequent Communion, which highly displeased the Jesuits; and the disputes upon grace, which broke out about this time in the university of Paris, and in which he took a zealous part with the Jansenists, helped to increase the animosity between him and the Jesuits. But nothing raised to great a clamour against him as the two letters he wrote on Absolution; in the second of which the faculty of divinity found two propositions which they condemned, and Mr. Arnaud was expelled the society. Upon this he retired; and during a retreat which lasted near 25 years, he composed that great variety of works which are extant of his, on grammar, geometry, logic, metaphysics, and theology. In 1679, he withdrew from France, lived in obscurity in the Netherlands, and died in 1694. His heart, at his own request, was sent to be deposited in the Port Royal. Arnaud had a remarkable strength of genius, memory, and command of his pen; nor did these decay even to the last year of his life. Mr Bayle says, he had been told by persons who had been admitted into his familiar conversation, that he was a man very simple in his manners; and that unless any one proposed some question to him, or desired some information, he said nothing that was beyond common conversation, or that might make one take him for a man of great abilities; but when he set himself to give an answer to such as proposed a point of learning, he seemed as it were transformed into another man: he would then deliver a multitude of fine things with great perspicuity and learning, and had a particular talent at making himself intelligible to persons not of the greatest penetration.