wife of Mausolus, king of Caria, has immortalized herself by the honours which she paid to the memory of her husband. She built for him in Halicarnassus, a very magnificent tomb, called the Mausoleum, which was one of the seven wonders of the world, and from which the title of Mausoleum was afterwards given to all tombs remarkable for their grandeur; but she died of regret and sorrow before the Mausoleum was finished. She appointed panegyrics to be made in honour of him, and proposed a prize of great value for the person who should compose the best. He died about the end of the 106th Olympiad, 351 years before the Christian era.

queen of Caria, and the daughter of Lidgadis, marched in person in the expedition of Xerxes against the Greeks, and performed wonders in the sea-fight near Salamis, 480 years before the Christian era. Being pursued by an Athenian vessel, she attacked one of the Persian ships, commanded by Demaithymus, king of Calyndus, her enemy, and sunk it; on which the Athenians, thinking that her ship was on the side of the Greeks, ceased their pursuit; but Xerxes was the principal person imposed upon in this affair; for believing he had sunk an Athenian vessel, he declared, that "the men had behaved like women, and the women like men." Xerxes intrusted her with the care of the young princes of Persia, his sons, when, agreeably to her advice, he abandoned Greece, in order to return to Asia. These great qualities, did not secure her from the weaknesses of love: she was passionately fond of a man of Abydos, whose name was Dardanus, and was so enraged at his neglect of her, that she put out his eyes while he was asleep. The gods in order to punish her for this, inspired her with a still stronger passion for him; so that the oracle having advised her to go to Leucas, which was the usage of desperate lovers, she took the leap from thence, and was interred at that place.—Many writers confound this Artemisia with the former, the wife of Mausolus.

Mugwort, Southernwood, and Wormwood. See BOTANY Index.