in a general sense, denotes something made, fashioned, or produced by art, in contradistinction from the production of nature.

**ARTIFICIAL** is also frequently used for fictitious. Thus we have artificial sal ammoniac, artificial borax, &c.

**ARTIFICIAL Fire-works** are compositions of inflammable materials, chiefly used on solemn occasions, by way of rejoicing. See PYROTECHNY.

**ARTIFICIAL Lightning.** See ELECTRICITY and LIGHTNING.

**ARTIFICIAL Lines,** on a sector or scale, are certain lines so contrived, as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents; which, by the help of the line of numbers will solve all questions in trigonometry, navigation, &c., pretty exactly.

**ARTIFICIAL Magnets.** See MAGNETS.

**ARTIGI,** indeclinable, (Pliny); **Artigis,** (Ptolemy); a town of the Turduli, in Batetia. Now Alhama.

**ARTILLERY,** in its general sense, denotes the offensive apparatus of war, particularly of the missile kind. Among the French the term was anciently appropriated to ARCHERY. In its modern acceptation it signifies fire-arms, mounted on their carriages and ready for action, with their balls, their bombs, their grenades, &c.

If we take the term in a more extensive meaning, it includes the powder, the matches, instruments for fire-works, the utensils of ordnance, the machines which facilitate their motion and transport them, the vehicles over which they traverse rivers, every thing necessary to them, and all that enters into the form of a train of artillery.

The same word, still farther extended in its meaning, likewise comprehends the men destined for the service of the artillery; the people who provide the artillery with materials and implements when engaged, the cannoniers, the bombardiers, the officers of every rank, and engineers of every kind.

By artillery is likewise understood the science which the officers of artillery ought to possess. This science teaches to know the nature of all the materials and ingredients which enter into the composition and the structure of every thing relative to the artillery, such as nitre, sulphur, charcoal; the properties of air and fire; the composition and preparation of gunpowder; the materials for fire-works; the construction, proportions, &c. of the different warlike machines; the arrangement, movement, and whole management, of cannon, &c., in the field or in sieges, in such manner, that each of them, according to the length of its tube and the diameter of its bore, may be situated in the best place and at the properest distance for execution, and that the whole train taken together may reciprocally assist and support each other with the greatest advantage.