THOMAS, archbishop of Canterbury in the reigns of Richard II. Henry IV. and Henry V. was the second son of Robert earl of Arundel and Warren, and brother of Richard earl of Arundel, who was beheaded. At 22 years of age, from being archdeacon of Taunton he was raised to the bishopric of Ely, the 6th of April 1375, in the reign of Edward III. He was a great benefactor to the church and palace of this see; among other donations he gave a curious table of maffy gold, adorned with precious stones. Arundel, fones, which had been given to Prince Edward by the king of Spain, and sold by the latter to Bishop Arundel. In 1386, he was appointed lord chancellor of England; two years after, he was translated to the see of York; and, in 1396, was advanced to the archiepiscopal see of Canterbury, when he resigned the chancellorship. This was the first instance of the translation of an archbishop of York to the see of Canterbury. Scarcely was he fixed in this see, when he had a contest with the university of Oxford about the right of visitation. The affair was referred to King Richard, who determined it in favour of the archbishop. At his visitation in London, he revived an old constitution, by which the inhabitants of the respective parishes were obliged to pay to their rector one halfpenny in the pound out of the rent of their houses. In the second year of his translation, a parliament being held at London, the commons with the king's leave impeached the archbishop, together with his brother the earl of Arundel, and the duke of Gloucester, of high treason. The archbishop was sentenced to be banished, and within forty days to depart the kingdom on pain of death. He retired first to France; and then to the court of Rome, where Pope Boniface IX. gave him a kind reception. About this time the duke of Lancaster (afterwards Henry IV.) was in France, having been banished by King Richard. The nobility and others, tired with the oppressions of Richard, solicited the duke to take the crown. This their request they drew up in a letter, and sent it over by faithful messengers to Archbishop Arundel, desiring him to be their advocate on this occasion with the duke. The archbishop, being a fellow sufferer, gladly accepted the office; and went with the messengers to the duke at Paris, where they delivered the letters from the nobles and commons of England, and the archbishop seconded them with the best arguments he could invent. The inviting offer, after some objections which were easily obviated, the duke accepted; and upon his accession to the throne, Arundel, who had returned with him to England, was restored to his see. In the first year of this prince's reign, Arundel summoned a synod which sat at St Paul's. The next year the commons moved that the revenues of the church might be applied to the service of the public; but Arundel opposed the motion with such vigour, that it was thrown aside. In the year 1408, Arundel began to exert himself against the Lollards, or Wickliffites; and his zeal for suppressing that sect carried him to several unjustifiable severities against the heads of it, particularly against Sir John Oldcastle and Lord Cobham. He also procured a synodical constitution, which forbade the translation of the Scriptures into the vulgar tongue. This prelate died at Canterbury, Feb. 20, 1413, of an inflammation in his throat, with which he was seized (as is pretended) whilst he was pronouncing sentence upon Lord Cobham. The Lollards asserted this to be a judgment from God; and indeed Bishop Goodwin speaks in the same manner, saying, "He who had withheld from the people the word of God, the food of the soul, by the just judgment of God had his throat so closed, that he could not speak a single word, nor swallow meat or drink, and was so starved to death." He was buried in the cathedral church of Canterbury, near the west end, under a monument erected by himself in his lifetime.

To this church he was a considerable benefactor; for he built the lantern-tower and great part of the nave; gave a ring of five bells, called from him Arundel's ring, several rich vestments, a mitre enchased with jewels, a silver gilt crosier, and two golden chalices.

borough and market town in Sussex, seated on the north-west side of the river Arun, over which there is a bridge. It had a harbour, wherein a ship of 100 tons burden might ride; but the sea had ruined it so far, that, in 1733, an act passed for repairing it, and for erecting new piers, locks, &c. The castle, which gives the title of earl to its possessors, is seated on the east of the Tame, and is reputed to be a mile in compass. It sends two members to parliament; and is 55 miles south-west-by-south of London, and 10 miles east of Chichester. Arundel is the premier earldom in England, belonging to the illustrious family of Norfolk; and is the only title in England that goes along with the lands. W. Long. o. 25. N. Lat. 50. 45.

ARUNDEL Oil, in the Materia Medica. At Bombay, Gomeroon, and Surat, in the East Indies, there grows a tree which bears a nut enclosed in a rough husk, which resembles much the horse chestnut; and the kernel of the nut yields an oil by expression, which is of a purgative nature. A tea spoonful of it is reckoned a dose. The tree goes by the name of the arundel tree at Bombay, and its oil by that of the arundel oil. Mr Sinclair, one of the surgeons belonging to the royal regiment of artillery, who was formerly surgeon to an East India ship, gave Dr Monro of London a small bottle full of this oil, which he said was much used for the cure of the dysentery in India, and that he had given it in four recent cases of dysentery with success. Dr Monro thinks it probable that this is the oil of the purging nuts mentioned in Dale's Pharmacologia, which are got from the tree called lignum molucense, pavona diiterna, fructu avellanae, J. B. i. 342; and pinus Indica, nucleo purgante, C. B. 492; and the palma Christi Indica, Tournefort Mat. Med.