(ballivus) from the French word bailliff, that is, praefectus provinciae; and as the names, so the office itself was anwerable to that of France; where there are eight parliaments, which are high courts from whence there lies no appeal, and within the precincts of the several parts of that kingdom which belong to each parliament there are several provinces to which justice is administered by certain officers called bailiffs: and in England there are several counties in which justice hath been administered to the inhabitants by the officer who is now called sheriff or viscount (one of which names descends from the Saxons, the other from the Normans); and though the sheriff is not called bailiff, yet it is probable that was one of his names also, because the county is often called balliva. And in the statute of Magna Charta, cap. 28. and 14 Ed. III. c. 9. the word bailiff seems to comprise as well sheriffs as bailiffs of hundreds. As the realm is divided into counties, so every county is divided into hundreds; within which in ancient times the people had justice ministered to them by the officers of every hundred. But now the hundred courts, except certain franchises are swallowed up in the county-courts; and the bailiff's bailiff's name and office is grown into contempt, they being generally officers to serve writs, &c. within their liberties. Though in other respects, the name is still in good esteem: for the chief magistrates in divers towns are called bailiffs or bailies; and sometimes the persons to whom the king's castles are committed are termed bailiffs, as the bailiff of Dover castle, &c.

Of the ordinary bailiffs there are several forts, viz. sheriff's bailiffs, bailiffs of liberties, &c.

Sheriff's bailiffs, or sheriff's officers, are either bailiffs of hundreds, or special bailiffs. Bailiffs of hundreds are officers appointed over those respective districts by the sheriffs, to collect fines therein; to summon juries; to attend the judges and justices at the assizes and quarter sessions; and also to execute writs and process in the several hundreds. But as these are generally plain men, and not thoroughly skilful in this latter part of their office, that of serving writs and making arrests and executions, it is now usual to join special bailiffs with them; who are generally mean persons employed by the sheriffs on account only of their adroitness and dexterity in hunting and seizing of their prey.

Bailiffs of liberties are those bailiffs who are appointed by every lord within his liberty, to execute process, and do such offices therein as the bailiff errant doth at large in the county; but bailiffs errant or itinerant, to go up and down the county to serve process, are out of use.

There are also bailiffs of forests, and bailiffs of manors, who direct husbandry, fell trees, gather rents, pay quit-rent, &c.

Water-BAILIFF, an officer appointed in all ports, towns, for the searching of ships, gathering the toll for anchorage, &c. and arresting persons for debts, &c. on the water.