in Natural History, the name of a substance used by the Turks and other eastern nations in their scarlet-dyeing. They mix it for this purpose with cochineal and tartar; the proportions being two ounces of the bazgendges to one ounce of cochineal. These are generally esteemed a sort of fruit, that are produced produced on certain trees in Syria and other places; and it is usually supposed, that the scarcity and dearth of them is the only thing that makes them not used in Europe. But the bazgendges seem to be no other than the horns of the turpentine tree in the eastern parts of the world; and it is not only in Syria that they are found, but China also affords them. Many things of this kind were sent over to Mr Geoffroy at Paris from China as the substances used in the scarlet-dyeing of that country, and they all proved wholly the same with the Syrian and Turkish bazgendges, and with the common turpentine horns. The lentifl, or mastic tree, is also frequently found producing many horns of a like kind with these, and of the same origin, all being owing to the puterons, which make their way into the leaves to breed their young there.