Charles, a native of Wycomb in the county of Bucks, and a master of arts in Magdalen college, Oxford, published a book with this title, "The principles of music in finging and setting; with the twofold use thereof, ecclesiastical and civil." Quarto, London 1636. The author of this book was a person of singular learning and ingenuity, which he manifested in sundry other works enumerated by Wood in the Athen. Oxon. Among the rest is an English grammar, published in 1633, in which he proposes a scheme of regular orthography, and makes use of characters, some borrowed from the Saxon, and others of his own invention, so singular, that we want types to exhibit them: and of this imagined improvement he appears to have been so fond, that all his traits are printed in like manner with his grammar; the consequence whereof has been an almost general disgust to all that he has written. His Principles of Music is, however, a very learned, curious, and entertaining book; and, by the help of the advertisement from the printer to the reader, prefixed to it, explaining the powers of the several characters made use of by him, may be read to great advantage, and may be considered a judicious supplement to Morley's introduction.

Butler, Samuel, a celebrated poet, was the son of a reputable Worcestershire farmer, and was born in 1612. He passed some time at Cambridge, but was never matriculated in that university. Returning to his native country, he lived some years as clerk to a justice of peace; where he found sufficient time to apply himself to history, poetry, and painting. Being recommended to Elizabeth countess of Kent, he enjoyed in her house, not only the use of all kinds of books, but the conversation of the great Mr Selden, who often employed Butler to write letters, and translate for him. He lived also some time with Sir Samuel Luke, a gentleman of an ancient family in Bedfordshire, and a famous commander under Oliver Cromwell: and he is supposed at this time to have wrote, or at least to have planned, his celebrated Hudibras; and under that character to have ridiculed the knight. The poem itself furnishes this key; where, in the first canto, Hudibras says,

"'Tis sung, there is a valiant mamaluke "In foreign land yclep'd — — "To whom we oft have been compar'd "For person, parts, address, and beard."

After the Restoration, Mr Butler was made secretary to the earl of Carbury, lord president of Wales, who appointed him steward of Ludlow castle, when the court was revived there. No one was a more generous friend to him than the earl of Dorset and Middlesex, to whom it was owing that the court tasted his Hudibras. He had promises of a good place from the earl of Clarendon, but they were never accomplished; though the king was so much pleased with the poem, as often to quote it pleasantly in conversation. It is indeed said, that Charles ordered him the sum of £3000.; but the sum being expressed in figures, somebody through whose hands the order passed, by cutting off a cypher reduced it to £300, which, though it passed the offices without fees, proved not sufficient to pay what he then owed; so that Butler was not a shilling better for the king's bounty. He died in 1680; and though he met with many disappointments, was never reduced to any thing like want, nor did he die in debt. Mr Granger observes, that Butler "stands without rival in burlesque poetry. His Hudibras (says he) is in its kind, almost as great an effort of genius, as the Paradise Lost itself. It abounds with uncommon learning, new rhimes, and original thoughts. Its images are truly and naturally ridiculous. There are many strokes of temporary satire, and some characters and allusions which cannot be discovered at this distance of time."

Butler, Joseph, late bishop of Durham, a prelate distinguished by his piety and learning, was the youngest son of Mr Thomas Butler, a reputable shopkeeper at Wantage in Berkshire, where he was born in the year 1692. His father, who was a Presbyterian, observing that he had a strong inclination to learning, after his being at a grammar-school, sent him to an academy in Gloucestershire, in order to qualify him for a dissenting minister; and while there, he wrote some remarks on Dr Clarke's first sermon at Boyle's lecture. Afterwards, resolving to conform to the established church, he studied at Oriel college, where he contracted an intimate friendship with Mr Edward Talbot, son of the bishop of Durham, and brother to the lord chancellor, who laid the foundation of his subsequent advancement. He was first appointed preacher at the Rolls, and rector of Haughton and Stanhope, two rich benefices in the bishopric of Durham. He quitted the Rolls in 1726; and published in 8vo, a volume of sermons, preached at that chapel. After this he constantly resided at Stanhope, in the regular discharge of all the duties of his office, till the year 1733, when he was called to attend the lord chancellor Talbot as his chaplain, who gave him a prebend in the church of Rochester. In the year 1736, he was appointed clerk of the closet to Queen Caroline, whom he attended every day, by her majesty's special command, from seven to nine in the evening. In 1738 he was appointed to the bishopric of Bristol; and not long afterwards to the deanery of St Paul's, London. He now resigned his living of Stanhope. In the year 1746, he was made clerk of the closet to the king; and in 1750, was translated to Durham. This rich preferment he enjoyed but a short time; for he died at Bath June 16, 1752. His corpse was interred in the cathedral at Bristol; where there is a monument, with an inscription, erected to his memory. He died a bachelor. His deep learning and comprehensive mind appear sufficiently in his writings, particularly in that excellent treatise entitled, The Analogy of Religion, natural and revealed, to the Constitution and Course of Nature, published in 8vo, 1736.

name anciently given to an officer in the court of France, being the same as the grand echançon, or great cupbearer of the present times.

the common acceptation of the word, is an officer in the houses of princes and great men, whose principal business is to look after the wine, plate, &c.

Butlerage of wine, is a duty of 2s. for every ton of wine imported by merchant strangers; being a composition in lieu of the liberties and freedoms grant- Butlerage was originally the only custom that was payable upon the importation of wines, and was taken and received by virtue of the regal prerogative, for the proper use of the crown. But for many years past, there having been granted by parliament subsidies to the kings of England, and the duty of butlerage not repealed, but confirmed, they have been pleaded to grant the same way to some noblemen, who by virtue of such grant, are to enjoy the full benefit and advantage thereof, and may cause the same to be collected in the same manner that the kings themselves were formerly wont to do.

**BUTMENT.** Butments of arches are the same with buttresses. They answer to what the Romans call *publicar*, the French *culees* and *butees*.

**Butments**, or **Abutments**, of a bridge, denote the two masses at the end of a bridge, whereby the two extreme arches are sustained and joined with the three on either side.