a very strong town of Germany, in the circle of Westphalia, and duchy of Cleves. It belongs to the king of Prussia, and is located near the Rhine, in E. Long. 5. 51. N. Lat. 41. 45.

glass-making, the name of a small oven or reverberatory furnace, in which the first calcination of sand and salt of potashes is made for the turning them into what is called frit. This furnace is made in the fashion of an oven, ten feet long, seven broad in the widest part, and two feet deep. On one side of it is a trench six inches square, the upper part of which is level with the calcar, and separated only from it at the mouth by bricks nine inches wide. Into this trench they put pea-coal, the flame of which is carried into every part of the furnace, and is reverberated from the roof upon the frit, over the furnace of which the smoke flies very black, and goes out at the mouth of the calcar; the coals burn on iron grates, and the ashes fall through.

Calcar, John de, a celebrated painter, was the disciple of Titian, and perfected himself by studying Raphael. Among other pieces he drew a Nativity, representing the angels around the infant Christ; and so ordered the disposition of his picture, that the light all proceeds from the Child. He died at Naples, in 1546, in the flower of his age. It was he who designed the anatomical figures of Vesali, and the portraits of the painters of Verfari.