CALENDERS, a sort of Mahometan friars, so called from Santon Calenderi their founder. This Santon went bareheaded, without a shirt, and with the skin of a wild beast thrown over his shoulders. He wore a kind of apron before, the strings of which were adorned with counterfeit precious stones. His disciples are rather a sect of epicures than a society of religious. They honour a tavern as much as they do a mosque; and think they pay as acceptable worship to God by the free use of his creatures, as others do by the greatest austerities and acts of devotion. They are called, in Persia and Arabia, Abdals, or Abdallet, i.e. persons consecrated to the honour and service of God. Their garment is a single coat, made up of a variety of pieces, and quilted like a rug. They preach in the market places, and live upon what their auditors bestow on them. They are generally very vicious persons: for which reason they are not admitted into any houses. per age. About London almost all the calves are fattened for the butcher. The reason of this is, that there is a good market for them, and the lands there are not so profitable to breed upon as in cheaper countries. The way to make calves fat and fine, is the keeping them very clean; giving them fresh litter every day; and the hanging a large chalk stone in some corner where they can easily get at it to lick it, but where it is out of the way of being fouled by their dung and urine. The coops are to be placed so as not to have too much sun upon them, and so high above the ground that the urine may run off. They also bleed them once when they are a month old, and a second time before they kill them; which is a great addition to the beauty and whiteness of their flesh: the bleeding is by some repeated much oftener, but this is sufficient.

Calves are very apt to be loose in their bowels; which wastes and very much injures them. The remedy is to give them chalk scraped among milk, pouring it down with a horn. If this does not succeed, they give them bale armenic in large doses, and use the cold bath every morning. If a cow will not let a strange calf suck her, the common method is to rub both her nose and the calf's with a little brandy; this generally reconciles them after a few feedings.

Golon CALF, an idol set up and worshipped by the Israelites at the foot of Mount Sinai, in their passage through the wilderness to the land of Canaan. Our version makes Aaron fashion this calf with a graving tool after he had cast it in a mould: the Geneva translation makes him engrave it first, and cast it afterwards. Others, with more probability, render the whole verse thus: "And Aaron received them (the golden earrings), and tied them up in a bag, and got them cast into a molten calf," which version is authorised by the different senses of the word tsur, which signifies to tie up or bind, as well as to shape or form; and of the word cheret, which is used both for a graving tool and a bag. Some of the ancient fathers have been of opinion that this idol had only the face of a calf, and the shape of a man from the neck downwards, in imitation of the Egyptian Ibis. Others have thought it was only the head of an ox without a body. But the most general opinion is, that it was an entire calf in imitation of the Apis worshipped by the Egyptians; among whom, no doubt, the Israelites had acquired their propensity to idolatry. This calf Moses is said to have burnt with fire, reduced to powder, and threw upon the water which the people were to drink. How this could be accomplished hath been a question. Most people have thought, that as gold is indestructible, it could only be burnt by the miraculous power of God; but M. Stahl conjectures that Moses dissolved it by means of liver of sulphur. The Rabbins tell us that the people were made to drink of this water in order to distinguish the idolaters from the rest; for that as soon as they had drunk of it, the beards of the former turned red. The Cabbalists add, that the calf weighed 125 quintals; which they gather from the Hebrew word maffakah, whose numerical letters make 125.