a sect or party in Scotland, who separated from the Presbyterians in 1666, and continued to hold their religious assemblies in the fields.

The Cameronians took their denomination from Richard Cameron, a famous field preacher, who refusing to accept the indulgences to tender confessions, granted by King Charles II. as such an acceptance seemed an acknowledgment of the king's supremacy, and that he had before a right to silence them, made a defection from his brethren, and even headed a rebellion, in which he was killed. His followers were never entirely reduced till the Revolution, when they voluntarily submitted to King William.

The Cameronians adhered rigidly to the form of government established in 1648.

or Cameronites, is also the denomination of a party of Calvinists in France, who asserted that the will of a man is only determined by the practical judgment of the mind; that the cause of men's doing good or evil proceeds from the knowledge which God infuses into them; and that God does not move the will physically, but only morally, in virtue of its dependence on the judgment of the mind. They had this name from John Cameron, a famous professor, first at Glasgow, where he was born, in 1580, and afterwards at Bourdeaux, Sedan, and Saumur; at which last place he preached his new doctrine of grace and free will, which was formed by Amyraut, Cappel, Bohart, Daille, and others of the more learned among the reformed ministers, who judged Calvin's doctrines on these points too harshly. The Cameronians are a sort of mitigated Calvinists, and approach to the opinion of the Arminians. They are also called Universalists, as holding the universality of Christ's death; and sometimes Amyraldists. The rigid adherents to the synod of Dort accused them of Pelagianism, and even of Manicheism. The controversy between the parties was carried on with a zeal and subtlety scarcely conceivable; yet all the question between them was only, Whether the will of man is determined by the immediate action of God upon it, or by the intervention of a knowledge which God imprest into the mind? The synod of Dort had defined that God not only illuminates the understanding, but gives motion to the will by making an internal change therein. Cameron only admitted the illumination, whereby the mind is morally moved; and explained the sentiment of the synod of Dort so as to make the two opinions consistent.