a principality of Modena in Italy, lying about four leagues from that city. It formerly belonged to the house of Pio; the elder sons of which bore the title of Princes of St Gregory. In the beginning of the 14th century, Monfroy was the first prince of Carpi; but in the 16th, the emperor Charles V. gave the principality to Alfonso duke of Ferrara. This nobleman, in recompense, gave to Albert Pio, to whom the principality of Carpi belonged of right, the town of Safiulola and some other lands. Albert was, however, at last obliged to retire to Paris; where, being stripped of all his estates, he died in 1338, with the reputation of being one of the best and bravest men of his age. The family of Pio is yet in being, and continues attached to the French court. Some of them have even been raised to the purple, and still make a figure in Europe.

town of Italy in the duchy of Modena, and capital of the last mentioned principality. It has a strong castle, and is situated in E. Long. 11. 12. N. Lat. 44. 45.

town of the Veronese in Italy, memorable for a victory gained by the Imperialists over the French in 1791. It is subject to the Venetians: and is situated on the river Adige, in E. Long. 11. 39. N. Lat. 45. 10.

Carpi, Ugo da, an Italian painter, of no very considerable talents in that art, but remarkable for being the inventor of that species of engraving on wood, distinguished by the name of chiaro-oscuro, in imitation of drawing. This is performed by using more blocks than one; and Ugo da Carpi usually had three; the first for the outline and dark shadows, the second for the lighter shadows, and the third for the half tint. In that manner he struck off prints after several designs, and cartoons of Raphael; particularly one of the Sibyl, a Defect from the Crofs, and the History of Simon the Sorcerer. He died in 1550. This art was brought to a still higher degree of perfection by Baltafar Peruzzi of Siena, and Parmigiano, who published several excellent designs in that manner.

Carpi, Girolamo da, history and portrait painter, was born at Ferrara in 1501, and became a disciple of Garofalo. When he quitted that master, he devoted his whole time, thoughts, and attention, to study the works of Correggio, and to copy them with a most critical care and observation; in which labour he spent several years at Parma, Modena, and other cities of Italy, where the best works of that exquisite painter were preserved. He acquired such an excellence in the imitation of Correggio's style, and copying his pictures, that many paintings finished by him were taken for originals, and not only admired, but were eagerly purchased by the connoisseurs of that time. Nor is it improbable that several of the paintings of Girolamo de Carpi pass at this day for the genuine work of Correggio himself. He died in 1556.