duchy in the circle of Westphalia, in Germany, seated between the rivers Maeze and Rhine, and bounded by Prussian Guelderland on the north, by the electorate of Trier on the south, by the electorate of Cologne on the east, and by the Netherlands on the west. It is about 60 miles long, and 30 broad; and is a very plentiful country, abounding in cattle, corn, and fine meadows, and is well supplied with wood; but it is most remarkable for a fine breed of horses, and woad for dyeing, which is gathered here in abundance. The chief towns are Juliers, Aix-la-Chapelle, Duren, Münster-Eifel, Bedburg, Wefinburg, and Lafteren. The duchy of Juliers is now annexed to France, and forms part of the department of the Roer.
city, capital of the duchy of Juliers in Westphalia; some think this city was founded by Julius Caesar or Julia Agrippina; but this is much questioned by others, because it is not mentioned before Antoninus's Itinerary and Theodosius's Tables. The town is small, but well fortified, and neatly built; the houses are of brick, and the streets broad and regular. The citadel is large and very strong, containing a palace of the ancient dukes and a spacious piazza. In the suburbs there is a monastery of Carthusians, nobly endowed by several dukes of Juliers. The town is but poorly inhabited, though they have a fine woollen manufacture in this country, and likewise another of linen. It was taken by Prince Maurice of Nassau in 1610, and by the Spaniards in 1622. It is seated on the river Roer, in E. Long. 6. 18. N. Lat. 50. 55.
Julio Romano. See Romano.
Julius Cæsar. See Cæsar.
Julius II, Julian de la Rovere, pope, remarkable for his warlike disposition, and his political negotiations: by the latter, he engaged the principal powers of Europe to league with him against the republic of Venice, called the league of Cambrai, signed in 1508. The Venetians having purchased peace by the cession of part of Romania, Julius turned his arms against Louis XII, king of France, and appeared in person armed cap-a-pee, at the siege of Mirandola; which place he took by assault in 1511. But proceeding to excommunicate Louis, the king wisely turned his own weapons against him, by calling a general council at Pisa: at which the pope refusing to appear, was declared to be suspended from the holy see; and Louis, in his turn, excommunicated the pope, who died soon after in 1512. He built the famous church of St Peter at Rome, and was a patron of the polite arts.
Julius Vicul, in Ancient Geography, a town of the Julius Vi-Nemetes in Gallia Belgica; situated between the Tres Tabernae and Noviomagus. Now Germerhein, a town of the Lower Palatinate, on the west side of the Rhine. E. Long. 15. 8. N. Lat. 49. 12.
Julius Pollux. See Pollux.