the chief town of West Lothian in Scotland. It is supposed to be the Lindum of Ptolemy; and to take its name from its situation on a lake, which the word Lin or Lyn signifies.—It is distant 16 miles from Edinburgh, and is a royal borough and seat of a presbytery. Here is carried on a considerable trade in dressing of white leather, which is sent abroad to be manufactured; and many hands are employed in dreffing of flax; also in wool-combing, the wool for which is brought from the borders. Its port was formerly Blackness; but since the decline of that place, Borrowstounness, about two miles distant from Linlithgow. The town consists of one open street, from whence lanes are detached on both sides; the houses are built of stone, tolerably neat and commodious; and the place is adorned with some stately public edifices. The palace, built, as Sibbald supposed, on the feet of a Roman station, forms a square with towers at the corners, and stands on a gentle eminence, with the beautiful loch behind it to the west. It was one of the noblest of the royal residences; and was greatly ornamented by James V. and VI. Within the palace is a handsome square; one side of which is more modern than the others, having been built by James VI. and kept in good repair till 1746, when it was accidentally damaged by the king's forces making fires on the hearths, by which means the joists were burnt. A stone ornamented fountain in the middle of the court was destroyed at the same time. The other sides of the square are more ancient. In one is a room ninety-five feet long, thirty feet fix inches wide, and thirty-three high. At one end is a gallery with three arches, perhaps for music. Narrow galleries run quite round the old part, to preserve communication with the rooms; in one of which the unfortunate Mary Stuart first saw light. On the north side of the high street, on an eminence east of the palace, stands St Michael's church; a handsome structure, where James V. intended to have erected a throne and twelve stalls for the sovereign and knights of the order of St Andrew. In the market-place is another fountain of two stories with eight spouts, and surmounted like the former with an imperial crown. In one of the streets is shown the gallery where the regent Murray was shot. Here was a house of Carmelites, founded by the townspeople in 1290, destroyed by the Reformers 1559. The family of Livingston, who took the title of earl from this place, were hereditary keepers of the palace, as also bailiffs of the king's bailiffry, and constables of Blackness castle; but by their concern in the rebellion of 1715 all these honours with their estate were forfeited to the crown. Sir James Livingston, son of the first earl by marriage with a daughter of Callendar, was created earl of Callendar by Charles I. 1641, which title sunk into the other.