or CHEN-YANG; a city of Chinese Tartary, and capital of the country of the Mantchews or Eastern Tartars. These people have been at great pains to ornament it with several public edifices, and to provide it with magazines of arms and storehouses. They consider it as the principal place of their nation; and since China has been under their dominion, they have established the same tribunals here as at Peking, excepting that called Liou-pou; these tribunals are composed of Tartars only; their determination is final; and in all their acts they use the Tartar characters and language. The city is built on an eminence; a number of rivers add much to the fertility of the surrounding country. It may be considered as a double city, of which one is enclosed within the other: the interior contains the emperor's palace, hotels of the principal mandarins, sovereign courts, and the different tribunals; the exterior is inhabited by the common people, tradesmen, and all those who by their employments or professions are not obliged to lodge in the interior. The latter is almost a league in circumference; and the walls which enclose both are more than three leagues round; these walls were entirely rebuilt in 1631, and repaired several times under the reign of Kang-hi.