PALATINATES of POLAND. Previous to the revolution in this unfortunate country, it was divided into palatinates; whether those will be now changed cannot at present be ascertained, though it seems likely. A Polish palatine is thus described in the Universal History:

"A palatine may be regarded as the governor of a province, who levies and leads the troops of his own jurisdiction to join the army of the republic. His civil power is likewise considerable, as he presides at the assemblies of his palatinate, rates the prices of all commodities and merchandise in the province, regulates the weights and measures, and judges and defends the Jews within his jurisdiction. This part of his function is particularly specified, that a set of men the most useful and industrious in Poland may not be oppressed; the king being likewise obliged, by his oath, to afford them the protection of the laws and his sovereignty. Under him is appointed a substitute or vice-palatine, who takes an oath to his superior, and must be possessed of a land estate to a certain value."