in building, &c., a canal, or conduit, for the conveyance of water and other liquids. Pipes for water, water-engines, &c., are usually of lead, iron, earth, or wood; the latter are usually made of oak or elder. Those of iron are cast in forges; their usual length is about two feet and a half; several of these are commonly fastened together by means of four screws at each end, with leather or old hat between them, to stop the water. Those of earth are made by the potters; these are fitted into one another, one end being always made wider than the other. To join them closer, and prevent their breaking, they are covered with tow and pitch; their length is usually about that of the iron pipes. The wooden pipes are trees bored with large iron augers, of different sizes, beginning with a less, and then proceeding with a larger successively; the first being pointed, the rest being formed like spoons, increasing in diameter, from one to six inches and more; they are fitted into the extremities of each other (as represented fig. 2.), and are held by the foot.

Wooden pipes are bored as follows. The machine fig. 2., represented fig. 1., is put in motion by the wheel A, Fig. 1., which is moved by a current of water; upon the axle of this wheel is a cog-wheel B, which causes the lanterns C, D, to turn horizontally, whose common axis is consequently in a perpendicular direction. The lantern D turns at the same time two cog-wheels, E and F; the first, E, which is vertical, turns the augre which bores the wood; and the second F, which is horizontal, causes the carriage bearing the piece to advance by means of the arms H, I, which take hold of the notch. Pipe, in the wheel K. The first, H, by means of the notches, draws the wheel towards F; and the other, I, pushes the under-post of the wheel in an opposite direction; both which motions tend to draw the carriage towards F, and consequently cause the augre to pierce the wood. The augre being from 9 to 12 feet in length, and of a proportionable bigness, it will be necessary to have two pieces, as L, L, to support its weight, and cause it to enter the piece to be bored with the same uniformity.

For the construction of leaden pipes, see the article PLUMBERY.

Air-Pipes. See AIR-Pipes.

Pipes of an Organ. See ORGAN.

Bag-Pipe. See BAG-Pipe.

Horn-Pipe. See HORNPIPE.

Tobacco-Pipe, a machine used in the smoking of tobacco, consisting of a long tube made of earth or clay, having at one end a little cage, or furnace, called the bowl, for the reception of the tobacco, the fumes whereof are drawn by the mouth through the other end. Tobacco pipes are made of various fashions; long, short, plain, worked, white, varnished, unvarnished, and of various colours, &c. The Turks use pipes three or four feet long, made of rushes, or of wood bored, at the end whereof they fix a kind of a pot of baked earth, which serves as a bowl, and which they take off after smoking.

Pipe, also denotes a vessel or measure for wine, and things measured by wine-measure. See BARREL and MEASURE.

Mining, is where the ore runs forwards end-wise in a hole, and doth not sink downwards or in a vein.

Pipe, Pipa, in Law, is a roll in the exchequer, called also the great roll. See the next article.

PIPE-Office, is an office wherein a person called the clerk of the pipe, makes out leaves of crown-lands, by warrant from the lord-treasurer, or commissioners of the treasury, or chancellor of the exchequer. The clerk of the pipe makes out also all accounts of sheriffs, &c., and gives the accountants their quietus eft. To this office are brought all accounts which pass the remembrancer's office, and remain there, that if any stated debt be due from any person, the same may be drawn down into the great roll of the pipe: upon which the comptroller issues out a writ, called the summons of the pipe, for recovery thereof; and if there be no goods or chattels, the clerk then draws down the debts to the lord treasurer's remembrancer, to write ejectments against their lands. All tallies which vouch the payment of any sum contained in such accounts are examined and allowed by the chief secondary of the pipe. Besides the chief clerk in this office, there are eight attorneys or sworn clerks, and a comptroller.

PIPE-Fish. See SYNGNATHUS, Ichthyology Index.

Sea Pipes, the trivial name of univalve shells belonging to the genus dentalis. See Conchology Index.