in Architecture,** denote the corners of brick or stone walls. The word is particularly used for the stones in the corners of brick buildings. When these stand out beyond the brick-work, their edges being chamfered off, they are called rustic quoins.

**QUOTIDIAN,** any thing which happens every day. Hence, when the paroxysms of an ague recur every day, it is called a quotidian ague. See MEDICINE, No. 161—164.

**QUOTIDIANA DECEPTIVA.** See MEDICINE, No. 150.

**QUORUM,** a word frequently mentioned in our statutes, and in commissions both of justices of the peace and others. It is thus called from the words of the commission, quorum A.B.unum efse volumus. For an example where a commission is directed to seven persons, or to any three of them, whereof A.B.and C.D. are to be two; in this case, they are said to be of the quorum, because the rest cannot proceed without them; so a justice of the peace and quorum is one without whom the rest of the justices in some cases cannot proceed.

**QUOTIENT,** in Arithmetic, the number resulting from the division of a greater number by a smaller, and which shows how often the smaller is contained in the greater, or how often the divisor is contained in the dividend. The word is formed from the Latin quotas; q.d. How often is such a number contained in such another?

In division, as the divisor is to be dividend, so is unity to the quotient.—Thus the quotient of 12 divided by 3 is 4; which is thus disposed, 3) 12 (quotient. See ARITHMETIC.

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R.

R, or r, a liquid consonant, being the 17th letter of our alphabet. Its sound is formed by a guttural extrusion of the breath vibrating through the mouth, with a sort of quivering motion of the tongue drawn from the teeth, and culminated with the tip a little elevated towards the palate. In Greek words it is frequently aspirated with an ἂ after it; as in ῥαπτόδις, τῆσις, ῥαιτήσις, &c.; otherwise it is always followed by a vowel at the beginning of words and syllables.

In the notes of the ancients, R or RO signifies *Roma*, *R.C. Romanae civitatis*; *R.G.C. regi gerendae causæ*; *R.F.E.D. fisca fæstum et dictum*; *R.G.F. regis filius*; *R.P.r res publica*, or *Romani principes*, and *R.R.R.F.F.F. res Romana ruet ferro, flame, flammon*.

Used as a numeral, R anciently stood for 80; and with a dash over it thus Œ, for 80,000; but the Greek 8, with a small mark over it, signified 100; with the same mark under it, it denoted 1000 × 10; thus £ signifies 100,000. In the Hebrew numeration 10 denotes 200; and with two horizontal points above it 1000 × 200; thus ŕ 200,000.

In the prescriptions of physicians, R or R stands for *recipe*, i.e., "take."

**RAAB,** a town of Lower Hungary, capital of Javorn, with a castle and a bishop's see. It is a strong frontier bulwark against the Turks, and has two bridges, one over a double ditch, and another that leads towards Alba Regalis. The surrounding country is plain, and there is nothing that Seems to command it but a small hill at some distance, which is undermined and may be blown up. It was taken by Amurath III. with the loss of 20,000 men; but was surprised soon after by Count Palfi, who killed all the Turks that were found therein. It is seated at the confluence of the rivers Rab and Rabnitz, not far from the Danube, 32 miles west of Gran, and 55 south-east of Vienna. E. Long. 17° 25' N. Lat. 47° 48'.

**RABAC,** a small port on the Arabian coast of the Red sea, in N. Lat. 22° 35’ 40”, by Mr Bruce’s account. The entry to the harbour is from the E.N.E. and is about a quarter of a mile broad. The port extends about two miles in length to the eastward. The mountains are about three leagues to the north, and the town about four miles north by east from the entrance to the harbour. The water is good, and all ships may be supplied here from the wells which are in the neighbourhood of the town. The country is bare and uncultivated; but from the appearance of its extensive flats of the water, Mr Bruce supposes that it sometimes rains among the mountains here, which is the more probable as it is considerably within the tropic.

**RABAT,** a large and handsome sea-port town of **Africa**. Africa, in the kingdom of Fez and province of Treme- sen. It has fine mosques and handsome palaces, and is situated at the mouth of the river Burrigrig, almost in the mid-way between Fez and Tangier. W. Long. 5. 28. N. Lat. 34. 40.