formerly called Theffalonica, a seaport town of Turkey in Europe, and capital of Macedonia, with an archbishop's see. It is ancient, large, populous, and rich, being about 10 miles in circumference. It is a place of great trade, carried on principally by the Greek Christians and Jews, the former of which have 30 churches, and the latter as many synagogues; the Turks also have a few mosques. It is surrounded with walls flanked with towers, and defended on the land-side by a citadel, and near the harbour with three forts. It was taken from the Venetians by the Turks in 1431. The principal merchandise is silk. It is seated at the bottom of a gulf of the same name, partly on the top, and partly on the side of a hill, near the river Vardar. E. Long. 23. 13. N. Lat. 40. 41.