the capital of the circle of Austria, in Germany, and of the whole German empire, is the place where the emperor resides. The city itself is not of very great extent; nor can it be enlarged, it being limited by a very strong fortification; but it is very populous. The streets, in general, are narrow, and the houses built high. Some of the public buildings are magnificent; but they appear externally to no great advantage, on account of the narrowness of the streets. The chief of them are the imperial palace, the library, and the museum; the palaces of the princes Lichtenstein, Eugene, &c. Vienna was twice ineffectually besieged by the Turks; namely, in 1589 and 1683. At the latter period, the siege was raised by John Sobieski, king of Poland, who totally defeated the Turkish army before the walls of this place. There is no great danger that Vienna will ever again be subjected to the inconveniences of a siege. Yet, in case that should happen, a measure has been taken, which will prevent the necessity of destroying the suburbs; namely, no houses without the walls are allowed to be built nearer to the glacis than 600 yards; so that there is a circular field of that breadth all round the town, which, exclusive of the advantage above mentioned, has a very beautiful and salutary effect. These magnificent suburbs, and the town together, are said to contain above 300,000 inhabitants; yet the former are not near so populous, in proportion to their size, as the town; because many houses in the suburbs have extensive gardens belonging to them, and many families, who live during the winter within the fortifications, spend the summer in the suburbs. The cathedral is built of free-stone, is 114 yards long, and 46 broad, and the fleeces is 447 feet high. Instead of a weather-cock there was a Turkish crescent, in memory of the siege in 1589; but, after the second siege in 1683, it was changed for a golden cross, which three months after was thrown down by a storm. At present there is a black spread eagle, over which is a gilded cross. Joining to this church is the archbishop's palace, the front of which is very fine. The university had several thousand students, who, when this city was besieged, mounted guard, as they did also in 1741. Beside this, there is the academy of Lower Austria; and the archducal library is much frequented by foreigners, as it contains above 100,000 printed books, and 10,000 manuscripts. The academy of painting is remarkable for the fine pictures it produces. The archducal treasury, and a cabinet of curiosities of the house of Austria, are great rarities. The inhabitants, in general, live in a splendid manner; and people of distinction have all sorts of wines at their tables, which they are very free with to foreigners. There is a sort of harbour on the Danube, where there are magazines of naval stores, and ships have been fitted out to serve on that river against the Turks. Vienna is an archbishop's see. It is seated at the place where the river Vienna or Wein, falls into the Danube, 30 miles west of Presburgh, 350 north-north-east of Rome, 520 south-east by south of Amsterdam, 565 east of Paris, and 685 east-south-east of London. E. Long. 10. 20. N. Lat. 48. 13.