king of Scotland, succeeded his father William in 1213, at 16 years of age. He made an expedition into England, to oppose the tyranny of King John; who returned the visit, and was offered battle by Alexander, but refused it. He took the city of Carlisle from Henry III. which was afterwards exchanged for Berwick. Alexander died in 1249, in Alexander the 51st year of his age, and 35th of his reign; and left for his successor, his son—