See the article Insurance in the Encyclopedia. The subject of Life Assurances, partly treated there, requires some correction, and a more detailed explanation in this place. Assurance on Nature of lives, is the assurance of a certain sum of money to be the paid in the event of a person named being alive at a certain time, or dying within a certain time, or to be paid within a certain time after the death of a person named, whenever that may happen. The party agreeing to pay this sum, is called the Assurer, and the sum he receives in compensation for what he is to pay, is called the Premium of assurance. The instrument by which the party is bound to pay the sum assured, is called a Policy of assurance.

Policies of this kind are granted either by individuals or by companies, more generally by companies, on account of the greater security there is in large bodies of men, and which cannot easily be attained by an individual, when the policy may be of long continuance.

The policies to be paid on the death of a person or persons named, are also absolute or contingent; absolute, when the sum assured is payable on the death of a party assured; contingent, when the payment of this sum depends on some other event; as, for example, the existence or antecedent death of some other person or persons.

The premium of assurance is either a gross sum paid down at once, or a sum paid down on the day that the contract is made, with an obligation to pay the same sum annually, during the existence of the policy. The latter is the more general mode of assurance. As policies on lives are much more frequently conducted by companies than individuals, the mode generally adopted by those companies shall be first explained. The party desirous of effecting an assurance, receives from the office of the company a printed paper called a declaration, which he fills up with the name of the party to be assured, his age, the place and time of his birth, and place of his present residence, with certain particulars as to his health. This declaration is then duly signed; and it contains a clause, stating, that any falsehood in the declaration invalidates the policy. To corroborate the statement, references are given to two persons well acquainted with the party on whom the assurance is made, one of whom is to be a medical person, and sometimes more references are required. The reasons for these precautions are obvious.

When the declaration has been thus completed, the person by whom the assurance is made makes his appearance before the directors of the company, who inquire into the general state of his health, and a minute is entered in their books accordingly. The letter of the referees, with the declaration, are subsequently laid before the court, which from these documents, and information frequently derived from other sources, forms its decision; and this is entered on the minutes of the court, and communicated to the applicant. A certain time is allowed for the payment of the premium; and if it is not paid within that time, the assurance cannot be effected, but by a fresh application to the court, according to the forms above mentioned. On the payment of the premium a receipt is given, containing the number of the policy, which is then made out according to the declaration, inspected by the court, signed by a certain number of directors, and delivered to the other party interested in it.

If the person, on whose life the assurance is made, cannot appear before the directors, or any one appointed by them for that purpose, an additional sum is charged for non-appearance. There is also a duty to be paid to government on each policy, and this, with a small entrance fee, makes an addition to the first year's premium. But the premium itself is only named in the policy, as on the future payment of this sum its existence depends.

A policy is assignable, and frequently forms a security for sums advanced, and not unfrequently becomes an object of sale. In these cases the holder of the policy pays the future premiums, and the advantage of a purchaser consists in holding a policy at a less premium than he must have paid at the present age of the party, on whose life the assurance was made. Thus, supposing a policy to have been granted for the payment of a thousand pounds, at the death of a party aged between 37 and 38, when the policy was made; suppose it is sold when the party is between 50 and 51; the purchaser will have to pay £32, 5s. annually, during the existence of the policy: whereas, if he had taken out a policy at the present age of the party, his premium would be £46, 12s. For the difference between these two sums, namely £14, 10s., a price is fixed on; but it is to be observed, that, in the sale of a policy in the market, this disadvantage attends it,—that the bidders, not being acquainted with the person on whose life the policy is made, and being liable to trouble and expense, to ascertain that he is alive at each payment of the premium, must make a deduction on this account, from what they might otherwise presume to be a compensation for the difference between the two premiums. Policies are in consequence sold at very disproportionate prices; and it is evident, that a policy must be most valuable to the party assured himself, and less so to others, according to their convenience of paying the premiums, and receiving proper information respecting the party in whose life and death they are interested.

On the death of the party on whom the claim depends, certain documents are required, such as the register of the burial of the deceased; and references to the medical persons or others who attended him in his last illness; and, if he effected the policy himself, the probate of his will, or, if it has been assigned to another, the copy of the assignment. The grounds of these precautions are, with respect to the receiver of the sum assured, obvious; and the nature of the death must be ascertained; as, in case of suicide, or dying by the hands of justice, or on the high seas, without licence from the company, except, in general, in going from one part in the united kingdom to another, the policy is vitiated. In the interval between the notice of the party's death, and the time assigned for the payment of the claim, due investigation is made; and, everything having been found satisfactory, the claimant brings with him the policy and a receipt for the sum claimed, which is immediately paid to him; the seals are torn from the policy, and the contract is at an end. In the case that a claim is payable, in the event of a person being alive at a certain time, his appearance before the court is requisite, or sufficient proof must be given that he was alive at the time defined by the policy.

Policies depending on a person being alive at a certain time, are very rare, and chiefly confined to endowments for children, in which case the payment of a gross sum down, or of an annual payment till the child attains the age of 21, secures to that child, at that age, the sum named in the policy. This mode of assurance has led some offices to compose a table of rates, according to which, a person at the age of 20 is required to pay a premium, which would produce at legal interest more than he would receive at the expiration of the year, from the company; and thus a person, if any such could be found, to effect an assurance of this kind, would run the risk of losing the sum assured, and receive, if successful, not so much as he could have attained without any risk at all.

For adjusting the premium to be paid according to the age of the party on whom the assurance is made, tables of rates have been formed, and those derived from the register of mortality at Northampton are in general adopted. Tables of the duration of human life have also been made from observations in various other places; amongst which the most distinguished are those of De Parcieux, Kerseboom, Gorsuch, Aikin, and the registers of Sweden, Finland, and London. The hypothesis of De Assurance. Moivre presumes that, if eighty-six persons were born at the same time, one would die in each year till the whole number ceases to exist. This hypothesis has been abandoned, but an easy rule is derived from it, for estimating the expectation of life at any age. Subtract the age from eighty-six, and dividing the quotient by two, the remainder gives the expectation nearly. Thus, let the age be 30, then $\frac{86-30}{2} = 28$, which differs from the Northampton table by only 27. At the age of fifty, the error is trifling; the Northampton table giving 17.99, De Moivre's, 18. But, in the higher ages, the error becomes considerable.

In the formation of these tables, a vulgar error is entertained, that they are dependant on chance; for life, being uncertain, every attempt to regulate premiums is of no avail. It is true that life cannot be reduced to a certain scale; i.e., if a thousand persons are named, it is impossible to state how many will die in each year, till the whole cease to exist. But though a fixed rule cannot be laid down for any given number of persons, yet an approximation may be made to the general course of life, which will sufficiently suit the purpose for which the tables are framed.

After a scale of life has been adopted, a table of premiums is derived from it by strict mathematical calculation, and in a very ingenious manner. Suppose the premium for a person of a certain age to be known; then the premium for a person of one year younger, being compounded of the premium for one year and the present value of the above premium, is easily calculated from the table of lives, thus: Multiply the premium on the oldest life into the number of persons alive in the tables at that age, and divide by the number of persons of the younger age alive in the tables. This sum, discounted for a year, gives the premium for assuring the desired sum at the end of the year. Then multiply the sum to be assured into the number of persons of the younger age, that die according to the tables in a year, and divide by the number of persons alive at that age, and this sum discounted for a year is the assurance of the sum for the first year, and consequently, the two sums added together, give the desired premium. Now, as the oldest person in the scale of life, dies in the ensuing year, the premium on him is evidently the sum to be paid discounted for one year, and thence the premium for the age below is ascertained by the above rule; and so of every age in succession. No errors can be committed without detection, as every step is checked by a similar table drawn out for the value of an annuity at each age.

In a similar manner, tables are formed for the assurance of a sum payable at the death of one out of two persons, or at the death of the survivor of two persons, or at the death of one on the contingency of his surviving another, and so on. The tables generally adopted by the companies, on the contingency of one person surviving another, being calculated by an approximation, founded on the expectation of their lives, does not partake of the mathematical accuracy of the other tables; but the companies, in this case, grant assurances at times to their own disadvantage; for if they take rather too much upon one life, they lose that sum upon the other; the premium payable on the death of one of two parties, being divided by the above-mentioned rule of approximation into two premiums, to be paid by the two parties on the contingency of one surviving the other.

The above rules give tables of rates for the payment of a gross premium: but as it is generally more convenient to pay an annual sum equivalent to it, a table of rates is made for this case, and it is formed by dividing the gross premium by the value of an annuity upon each age added to unity. If the annual premium were paid at the end of the year, the addition of unity would be unnecessary; but a policy is not granted till one premium is paid, and hence the necessity of the addition is obvious.

As premiums are settled from a fixed table of observations on life, it is evident, that, unless the deaths happen exactly in the order prescribed by the tables, there will be a surplus or deficiency of capital for the payment of the sums assured. For the latter case, a call is to be made on the proprietors to make up the deficiency: the management of the surplus or apprehended surplus, is different in different companies. Either the company appropriates the whole of the surplus to itself, or makes a compensation to the assured for it. In the former case, the company pays the sum specified in the policy, and no more. Consequently, a party may pay to the office a sum far greater than his executors or assigns receive in return. Thus, if an assurance is effected on a person aged between sixteen and seventeen for £100, receivable at his death, the annual premium is £2, 0s. 8d.; and if he lives forty-nine years, he will have paid more than the whole sum to be received, without computing interest on these payments. The surplus of the accumulation of premiums above the claims, may be great from two causes: 1st, the increased interest obtained by the company above that by which the table of rates was computed; and 2d, a longer duration of life in the earlier years than is assigned by the table; and here, great circumspection on the part of the company is requisite to preserve it from imposition, and to secure the best lives that circumstances admit. In the companies where only the sum specified in the policy is paid, the surplus does not go entirely to the company; for it is common in these offices to allow a percentage on the premium to the party who brings an assurance to them, generally a solicitor, who, thus participating in the gains of the company, has an interest in increasing its concerns, though to the evident disadvantage of his client.

In companies where the surplus is made advantageous to the assured, two methods are adopted; the one is, to add, at certain periods, a sum to each policy; the other, to diminish the premium. In both cases, a valuation is made of all the annual premiums, with the past and future expected accumulations, and also of the claims upon every policy. If the former exceeds the latter to a sufficient amount, then an addition is made to each policy, or the premium is diminished. It is requisite, however, that the utmost care should be taken to secure to each policy the sum named in it, with every addition made to it; and hence a third part of the surplus is constantly retained to guard against possible contingencies. This reservation has Assurance occasioned a singular anomaly in one of the most distinguished companies for life assurance. In that company all are partners, being mutually guarantees to each other for the payment of their respective claims. The surplus arising from the excess of premiums, with their accumulations above the claims, evidently belongs to the whole of the company, and consequently each partner is entitled to a portion of it. But of this surplus, a third being constantly reserved, and each person at his death ceasing to be a partner, every person leaves behind him a portion for his successors. This third is therefore, we may say, without an owner, for a partner has not a right to it during his life, and his heirs or assigns have not a claim upon it after his death.

This anomaly led to the formation of a plan, which is adopted by another company that vests this third in determinate hands. To do this, the company consists of a number of proprietors, each of whom is bound to keep up an assurance with it, and whose interest in these assurances is greater than that derived from the profit of assurances granted to non-proprietors. The company takes upon itself the whole risk of policies made with it, being bound to pay to each party assured the sum specified in his policy; and additions are made to each policy in the manner above-mentioned. But the third reserved is joined to, and makes part of the subscription capital stock; and the interest upon it is annually divided among the proprietors. Thus the third reserved belongs to, and continues to add to the security of the company, and the non-proprietor, secured from all risk, participates in the two thirds divisible at every period.

Another mode is adopted by a company, that prevents accumulations, by diminishing, at certain periods, the premiums paid on each assurance; and in this case the sum specified in the policy is paid, though the party assured may have paid a much less sum than in the companies above mentioned. The diminution of premium depends on the excess of capital in hand, with the present value of future premiums, above the claims that are or may be made upon it, and consequently the same care is necessary to reserve a part of the surplus for fear of future contingencies. The public have thus a choice either to receive a fixed or an increasing sum; the fixed sum by means of a definite or a probably decreasing premium, and an increasing sum by means of a definite premium. In all cases it is obvious, that it is most for the advantage of the public that the proprietors of the company should be assurers of each other, as well as of the non-proprietors.

Besides the companies for assurance in general, there are peculiar societies for a particular object,—those of clergymen, schoolmasters, officers in the army, and the like, for annuities to their widows, or sums to be paid to their assigns. In all these associations, calculations are made according to a general table of life, modified by the peculiar circumstances of the profession, which combines in assuring to each other certain advantages. In some of these, the premium annually paid remains the same, but the sum assured increases with the number of years that it has been paid. In all these societies, care should be taken to ascertain, at certain periods, the state of their concerns; and, in the formation of them this is peculiarly necessary, as the errors committed by persons unused to the calculations requisite in the particular modes of assurance, lead to very dangerous consequences.

Policies of assurance are generally confined to the limits of Europe, but they are capable of being extended to all parts of the world. In such cases, an addition is made to the premium, according to the supposed addition to the risk from unhealthiness of climate, and danger of the seas. An addition is in like manner made to the premium on account of the profession,—as of the army, in which the assured is engaged; and also an account of the diseases,—as of gout, by which he is occasionally afflicted; or of diseases,—as of small-pox and measles, to which he is liable.

A policy granted by an individual is generally of short continuance, and the granter takes all the precautions he can to ascertain that the person is a fit subject for assurance: or, in other words, whose state of health is not worse than that of the average of persons of the same age in the tables. If the person is at a distance, a guarantee of health is required. The premiums required are generally higher than those of companies, and a policy is effected to greater amount than would be granted by a company, in consequence of the risk being divided between a number of individuals, who are only answerable for the sums assured in each name. The sum assured by policies granted by individuals, bears, however, a very small proportion to that granted by the companies.

Assurances upon lives are of modern invention, and are very little known in foreign nations. They of Life Assurances are suited only to those countries where property is amply secured, and public credit is fixed on a solid basis. The large capitals created by companies for assurance would be too great a temptation for the rapacity of a tyrant; and no one would be found to advance annual premiums, when his intention might be frustrated by the seizure of the whole, or a great part of his deposits. Assurances cannot be too much fostered in countries where due attention is paid to the morality, economy, and general welfare of the subject; yet, even in England, where these institutions have been raised by the people, and in a variety of ways, are of utility to the government, they have not escaped its grasp, and policies are made subject to a duty. The sum accruing to government is, in a national point of view, very trifling: but a policy being a contract, is thought a proper object for a stamp. It would, perhaps, be wiser in the nation to grant a bounty to these policies, than to make them an object of revenue.

The benefit of these institutions is far more extensive than is generally imagined. It is obvious, that persons whose incomes depend on their lives, such as clergymen, officers under government, physicians, &c., are peculiarly interested in them. By setting apart a portion of their income, they secure such a provision to their families at their death, as they Assurance could not in any case have realised by their own exertions; and this is done with scarcely any trouble to themselves, whilst they have the confidence that, at whatever time the fatal stroke arrives, a provision is secured for those who are most dear to them. Physicians, as they rise in practice, are accustomed to increase their assurances; and facilities are given to those in inferior stations by the small sums that may be assured by each policy. A large class of persons, possessed of very considerable incomes, find their benefit in these institutions; for if their estates are entailed on their eldest sons, death may prevent them from making the provision they desire for their younger children, unless they secure it by an assurance. Persons engaged in trade have similar advantages; for, at marriage, part of the fortune of the wife, which is frequently tied up by marriage-settlements, may be realised to the husband, on appropriating a certain part of the interest of the part tied up to the payment of the premium of such a sum, as shall, with the part tied up, be equal, at his decease, to the original fortune of the wife. Short period policies are found beneficial also, in numerous instances. For example, a legacy is to be received at a certain time, if the legatee is alive at that time; it may be a few months or a few years; in either case the sum may be secured to him, for he may have it either from the office or under the will. A person takes a voyage, which will be completed within the year, and on his performance of it, depends certain advantages; these are secured in the same manner by means of the office. A debt has been contracted, which the debtor will pay at a certain time, if he is alive; the creditor secures it by assuring the life for that time. Similar cases will occur to the mind of the reader; but it is to be observed, that the legislature has very properly interfered in preventing policies being granted ad libitum; for otherwise they might be made the vehicles of gaming transactions. It is declared unlawful for a policy to be granted, unless the person effecting the assurance has a legal interest in the life of the party on whom it is effected, i.e., unless the cessation of life of that party is detrimental to him in a pecuniary way.

Before the passing of the act to this purpose, persons were used to hunt out for infirm or diseased subjects, on whom to effect assurances, to the detriment of the office, or individuals they had to deal with; and even parents have effected policies on their children whose deaths, in consequence, they are said to have accelerated.

The societies for assurances on lives in London are now numerous. The oldest of them is the Amicable Society, instituted by charter in the year 1706. The history of this society proves the little knowledge there was on the subject at that time; for the same contribution was required from every member, whatever his age might be, and the sums received at the death of members were variable, depending on the number of persons that died in the same year. Subsequent alterations were made in this company by successive charters. At present, the several interests of the members are divided into shares, each share being now warranted to produce L.200 at the death of the insured, together with such additions as may arise from the circumstances of the year in which the death happens; and any number of shares, and half shares, not exceeding sixty-five shares, may be granted on one and the same life, by which assurances may be effected from L.200 to L.5000, and participate in the benefits of the Society.

The Royal Exchange Assurance Company received its charter in 1720, and is chiefly engaged in insuring ships and goods at sea, and of houses and goods from fire, but it also grants annuities and assurances on life. In the latter, it confines itself to the payment of the sum assured.

The Equitable is the most considerable in point of numbers of the societies for the assurance of lives, to which object it is chiefly confined. In this society all are partners, and mutually assurers of each other. It arose from small beginnings, and has made considerable alterations from the rate of its first premiums, till it settled in the table annexed to this article, which is that generally adopted by these associations. At certain periods, additions have been made to the policies; and, in this manner, its affairs were conducted till December 7, 1809, when a change took place respecting the members then assured, namely, that instead of waiting till the end of the next interval, for assigning a sum out of the accumulations to each policy, every member should have two per cent. annually assigned to his policy, during the years of this period. Consequently, all holders of policies, prior to the year 1810, will leave to their heirs the sum assured by the policy, together with its accumulations up to the year 1810, and also two per cent. per annum for his life, within 1810 and 1820; but this benefit does not accrue to members entering at the close of the year 1809. Whether this plan will be continued after the year 1820, time will show. The number of the members in this society made it necessary to change some of their regulations respecting votes; and it was wisely resolved, that persons becoming members, after the 19th December 1809, should not have a vote at the general meetings, unless they had been assured for five years, for the whole continuance of life, in the sum of L.2000; and to be a director, the qualification is an assurance of L.5000 for the same time, and must have held it for five years.

The history of this society is very important in the subject of assurance for lives; it has been well treated by Dr Price, in his Observations on rever- sionary payments, and by Mr Morgan in his addresses to the society. In consequence of the connection of Dr Price with this institution, he drew up his remarks on the various societies which soon after sprung up, and whose names, but for his notice of them, would now be forgotten. They were formed chiefly about the years 1770 and 1771, offering very fallacious terms to the public, by which the aged were benefited at the expense of their juniors; and the evil is not yet cured; for, notwithstanding the experience of the past, similar societies are formed, but chiefly on the plan of granting annuities at the distance of ten or twelve years from a certain age, by which those at and near this age are promised such advan- tages, as cannot be produced but by the loss of the younger part of the society.

For some time no other important society arose; but, from the year 1792, in which the Westminster Life Assurance was formed, several considerable companies derive their origin. The Pelican in 1797; the Globe in 1799; the Albion in 1805; the Rock and the Provident in 1806; the Eagle, Hope, London Life Association, and Atlas, in 1807.

The Rock was founded on the plan of the Equitable; the material distinction between them being, that the concerns of the company are vested in a body of proprietors, who are assurers of each other, and also of those who are not proprietors. Both parties, as to the additions made to the policies, are in the same situation; but, in the appropriation of the accumulations, one-third of the excess of them, above the claims, is affixed to the capital stock, these lying answerable for any claims; and the interest of it is divided among the proprietors for the risk they take among themselves in making assurances. This society confines itself entirely to assurances and annuities on life.

The Provident combines with life, policies on fire; but it assigns also, at certain times, additions to its policies. The Hope is also a fire and life office, and both are proprietary companies. The rates in these societies are the same as those in the Equitable and Rock.

The Albion and the Globe are life and fire assurance companies; their rates are also the same. They pay only the sum assured; but it is stated that "a very liberal commission is allowed to solicitors, and to others who effect life assurances."

The London Life Association is confined entirely to life assurances; but it differs from the others in this, that its aim is, that the benefits resulting from its transactions shall be enjoyed by the members during life; in other words, the society assures to a person the sum named in the policy and no more; but at certain times it considers, whether the surplus of the accumulations above the claims is sufficient to admit of a diminution of premium, and one is made accordingly. In this society, all are members and assurers one of the other, and consequently the surviving members at any time are bound to make up the deficiency, if any should arise by this mode of arrangement. This could be done by raising, in the first instance, the premiums that have been lowered; and it is very improbable, that, with good management, anything farther would be necessary.

In imitation of the London Companies, several have been formed throughout the country; and it may in general be observed of them all, that where they differ from the common table of rates, it has been rather by supposing that a deduction may be made from those rates, and acting according to their discretion in this case, than by assuming a scale of life, and thence forming calculations for the premium on each age. There is some difference also in the manner in which an assurance is effected; some being supposed to be stricter in their examinations than others, and requiring greater formalities; but it must be taken into consideration, that an assurance is a contract between two parties on certain conditions, and on both sides it is desirable, that the greatest care should be taken in the formation of the contract. In fact, circumspection is the great security of both assurers and assured, for without it a society may appear to be very flourishing, when it is in fact hastening to its dissolution.

A cause in which a company out of London was lately engaged, discovered that the company at first diminished the rates, and after a time increased them, in both cases, without any regard to mathematical calculation, or a table of lives. The company refusing to pay a claim, forgot this circumstance, which was detected by the production of the two books of rates, formed at different times; and the objection to pay the claim, on the ground that the premium was not sufficient, was overruled, by comparing it with that required by the table of rates in existence when the policy was effected. Where the premium is less than that generally required, the person desirous of effecting an assurance on his life should be particularly on his guard, lest he may be a considerable sufferer by the apparent cheapness of his contract.

The following is a Table of the Rates generally acted upon by the Life Assurance Offices in the Capital. | Age | PREMIUM per Cent. if assured from Year to Year | PREMIUM per Cent. per Annum. if assured for Seven Years | AGE of the LIFE assured. | PREMIUM per Cent. per Annum. | |-----|-----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------|-------------------------------| | | L. s. d. | L. s. d. | L. s. d. | L. s. d. | | 8 | 17 | 91 | 1 | 51 | 17 | 7 | 40 | 17 | 8 | 10 | 2 | 17 | 1 | 30 | 4 | 8 | 11 | | 150 | 17 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 18 | 7 | 50 | 16 | 11 | 15 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 35 | 4 | 14 | 1 | | 160 | 19 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 19 | 8 | 60 | 14 | 11 | 20 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 40 | 5 | 10 | 1 | | 171 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 12 | 0 | 8 | 70 | 14 | 11 | 25 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 45 | 5 | 9 | 6 | | 181 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 52 | 1 | 8 | 80 | 13 | 4 | 30 | 3 | 13 | 9 | 50 | 6 | 1 | 0 | | 191 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 62 | 2 | 8 | 20 | 10 | 6 | 35 | 3 | 19 | 6 | 55 | 6 | 15 | 5 | | 201 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 52 | 3 | 7 | | | | 40 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 60 | 7 | 15 | 0 | | 211 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 62 | 5 | 4 | | | | 45 | 4 | 15 | 11 | 67 | 9 | 18 | 1 | | 221 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 11 | 62 | 6 | 3 | | | | 50 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 35 | 3 | 4 | 19 | 0 | | 231 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 11 | 62 | 6 | 3 | | | | 55 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 40 | 5 | 5 | 6 | | 241 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 62 | 7 | 1 | | | | 60 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 45 | 5 | 13 | 10 | | 251 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 12 | 72 | 8 | 1 | | | | 67 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 50 | 6 | 5 | 0 | | 261 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 72 | 9 | 1 | | | | 15 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 55 | 6 | 19 | 2 | | 271 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 13 | 72 | 10 | 1 | | | | 20 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 60 | 7 | 18 | 6 | | 281 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 92 | 11 | 1 | | | | 25 | 3 | 13 | 1 | 67 | 10 | 1 | 2 | | 291 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 14 | 42 | 12 | 3 | | | | 30 | 3 | 17 | 6 | | | | | | 301 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 112 | 13 | 5 | | | | 35 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 11 | 9 | | 311 | 13 | 9 | 1 | 15 | 72 | 14 | 7 | | | | 40 | 4 | 10 | 4 | 45 | 5 | 19 | 9 | | 321 | 14 | 4 | 1 | 16 | 32 | 15 | 9 | | | | 45 | 4 | 19 | 5 | 50 | 6 | 10 | 8 | | 331 | 15 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 102 | 17 | 1 | | | | 50 | 5 | 11 | 3 | 55 | 7 | 4 | 5 | | 341 | 15 | 8 | 1 | 17 | 82 | 18 | 5 | | | | 55 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 60 | 8 | 3 | 4 | | 351 | 16 | 4 | 1 | 18 | 102 | 19 | 10 | | | | 60 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 67 | 10 | 5 | 6 | | 361 | 17 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 73 | 1 | 4 | | | | 67 | 9 | 9 | 5 | | | | | | 371 | 17 | 9 | 2 | 83 | 2 | 10 | | | | 45 | 45 | 6 | 7 | 4 | | | | | | 381 | 18 | 6 | 2 | 93 | 4 | 6 | | | | 50 | 6 | 17 | 9 | | | | | | | 391 | 19 | 3 | 2 | 113 | 6 | 2 | | | | 55 | 7 | 11 | 0 | | | | | | | 402 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 13 | 7 | 11 | | | | 60 | 8 | 9 | 6 | | | | | | 412 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 43 | 9 | 9 | | | | 67 | 10 | 11 | 1 | | | | | | 422 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 63 | 11 | 8 | | | | 50 | 50 | 7 | 7 | 8 | | | | | 432 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 93 | 13 | 8 | | | | 55 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 3 | | | | | 442 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 9 | 23 | 15 | 9 | | | | 60 | 8 | 18 | 2 | | | | | | 452 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 103 | 17 | 11 | | | | 67 | 10 | 18 | 10 | | | | | | 462 | 7 | 10 | 2 | 12 | 64 | 0 | 2 | | | | 55 | 8 | 12 | 2 | | | | | | 472 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 44 | 2 | 7 | | | | 60 | 9 | 9 | 0 | | | | | | 482 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 16 | 44 | 5 | 1 | | | | 67 | 11 | 8 | 5 | | | | | | 492 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 18 | 64 | 7 | 10 | | | | 55 | 8 | 12 | 2 | | | | | | 502 | 15 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 84 | 10 | 8 | | | | 60 | 10 | 4 | 9 | | | | | | 512 | 17 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 84 | 13 | 6 | | | | 67 | 12 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | 522 | 19 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 94 | 16 | 5 | | | | 50 | 50 | 10 | 9 | | | | | | 533 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 04 | 19 | 7 | | | | 55 | 6 | 12 | 6 | | | | | | 543 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 55 | 2 | 10 | | | | 60 | 7 | 12 | 5 | | | | | | 553 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 05 | 6 | 4 | | | | 67 | 9 | 15 | 9 | | | | | | 563 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 85 | 10 | 1 | | | | 67 | 13 | 15 | 8 | | | | | | 573 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 17 | 65 | 14 | 0 | | | | 60 | 5 | 2 | 4 | | | | | | 583 | 12 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 65 | 18 | 2 | | | | 50 | 5 | 17 | 10 | | | | | | 593 | 15 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 86 | 2 | 8 | | | | 55 | 6 | 12 | 6 | | | | | | 603 | 18 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 16 | 7 | 4 | | | | 60 | 7 | 12 | 5 | | | | | | 614 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 116 | 12 | 4 | | | | 67 | 12 | 2 | 1 | | | | | | 624 | 3 | 11 | 4 | 15 | 06 | 17 | 9 | | | | 50 | 5 | 17 | 10 | | | | | | 634 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 19 | 87 | 3 | 7 | | | | 55 | 6 | 12 | 6 | | | | | | 644 | 10 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 107 | 9 | 10 | | | | 60 | 7 | 8 | 8 | | | | | | 654 | 15 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 107 | 16 | 9 | | | | 67 | 9 | 15 | 9 | | | | | | 665 | 0 | 15 | 1 | 7 | 78 | 4 | 1 | | | | 60 | 10 | 8 | | | | | | | 675 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 28 | 12 | 1 | | | | 67 | 13 | 15 | 8 | | | | |