an ancient, large, and very handsome town of Italy, in the territory of the church, and capital of the Bolognese; an archbishop's see, and an university. The public buildings are magnificent, as well with regard to the architecture as the ornaments, especially the paintings, which are done by the greatest masters. There is a vast number of palaces, in one of which the pope's nuncio resides; the private houses are also well built. Here are 169 churches, and in 1806 the town contained 63,420 inhabitants. It is a place of great trade, which is in some measure owing to a canal that runs from the city to the river Po. The Reno, which runs near Bologna, turns 400 mills that are employed in the silk-works; besides, they deal in wax, soap, hams, sausages, and even lap-dogs, which are greatly esteemed. This city fell into the hands of the French in 1796, was retaken by the Austrians in 1799, but lost again after the battle of Marengo. It was restored to the pope in 1815. It is seated at the foot of the Apennine mountains. E. Long. 11. 30. N. Lat. 44. 27.