or Bug, in Zoology, a genus of insects belonging to the order of hemiptera. See Entomology Index.

The methods of expelling house bugs are various, as oil of turpentine, the smoke of corn-mint, of narrow-leaved wild cress, of herb-robert, of the reddish agaric, of mustard, Guinea pepper, peats, or turf, &c. See also Bug and Cimicifuga.

**CIMICIFUGA.** See Botany Index.

The cimicifuga foetida has obtained the name of cimicifuga, or bugbane, both in Siberia and Tartary, from its property of driving away those insects; and the botanists of those parts of Europe which are infested with them have long desired to naturalise it in their several countries. Gmelin mentions that in Siberia the natives also use it as an evacuant in dropsy, and that its effects are violently emetic and drastic.

**CIMMERII,** anciently a people near the Palus Maeotis. They invaded Asia Minor 1284 years before Christ, and seized upon the kingdom of Cyaxares. After they had been masters of the country for 28 years, they were driven back by Alyates king of Lydia. The name also of another nation on the western coast of Italy. The country which they inhabited was supposed to be so gloomy, that to express a great obscurity, the expression of Cimmerian darkness has proverbially been used; and Homer, according to Plutarch, drew his images of hell and Pluto from the gloomy and dismal country where they dwelt.

**CIMMERIUM,** in Ancient Geography, a town at the mouth of the Palus Maeotis; from which the Bosphorus Cimmerius is named; that strait which joins the Euxine and the Palus Maeotis. Cimmerii was the name of the people (Homer); and here stood the Promontorium Cimmerium (Ptolemy); and hence probably the modern appellation Crim.

**CIMMERIUM,** in Ancient Geography, a place near Baiae, in Campania, where formerly stood the cave of the sibyl. The people were called Cimmerii, who living in subterraneous habitations, from which they issued in the night to commit robberies and other acts of violence, never saw the light of the sun (Homer). To give a natural account of this fable, Festus says, there was a valley surrounded with a pretty high ridge, which precluded the morning and evening sun.

**CIMOLIA TERRA,** in Natural History, a name applied by the ancients to an earth, at one time much employed in medicine; but which later ages have supposed to be no other than our tobacco-pipe clay and fullers earth.

The cimolia terra of the ancients was found in several of the islands of the Archipelago, particularly in the island of Cimolus, from whence it has its name. It was used with great success in the erysipelas, inflamations, and the like, being applied by way of cataplasm to the part. They also used, as we do, what we call cimolia, or fullers earth, for the cleansing of clothes. This earth of the ancients, though so long disregarded, and by many supposed to be lost, is yet very plentiful in Argentiere (the ancient Cimolus), Sphanto, and many of those islands. It is a marl of a lax and crumbly texture, and a pure bright white colour, very soft to the touch. It adheres firmly to the tongue, and, if thrown into water, raises a little hissing and ebullition, and moulders to a fine powder. It makes a considerable effervescence with acids, and suffers no change of colour in the fire. These are the characters of what the ancients called simply terra cimolia; but besides this, they had from the same place another earth which they called by the same general name, but distinguished by the epithet purple, purpureo-rescens. This they described to be fattish, cold to the touch, of a mixed purple colour, and nearly as hard as a stone. And this was evidently the substance we call steatites, or the soap-rock, common in Cornwall, and also in the island of Argentiere, or Cimolus.

**CIMOLIA Alba,** the officinal name of the earth of which we now make tobacco-pipes. Its distinguishing characters are, that it is a dense, compact, heavy earth, of a dull white colour, and very close texture; it will not easily break between the fingers, and slightly stains the skin in handling. It adheres firmly to the tongue; melts very slowly in the mouth, and is not readily fusible in water. It is found in many places. That of the isle of Wight is much esteemed for its colour. Great plenty of it is found near Pole in Dorsetshire, and near Wedensbury in Staffordshire.

**CIMOLIA Nigra,** is of a dark lead colour, hard, dry, and heavy: of a smooth compact texture, and not viscid: it does not colour the hands; crumbles when dry; adheres to the tongue; diffuses slowly in water; and is not acted upon by acids. It burns perfectly white, and acquires a considerable hardness. The chief pits for this clay are near Northampton, where it is used in the manufacture of tobacco-pipes. It is also mixed with the critche clay of Derbyshire, in the proportion of one part to three, in the manufacture of the hard reddish brown ware.

**CIMOLUS,** in Ancient Geography, one of the Cyclades, now called Argentiere.

**CIMON,** an Athenian, son of Miltiades and Hegisipyle. He was famous for his debaucheries in his youth, and the reformation of his morals when arrived to years of discretion. He behaved with great courage at the battle of Salamis, and rendered himself popular by his munificence and valour. He defeated the Persian fleet, took 200 ships, and totally routed their land army, the very same day, A. U. C. 284. The money that he had obtained by his victories was not applied for his own private use, but with it he fortified and embellished the city. He some time after lost all his popularity, and was banished by the Athenians, who declared war against the Lacedemonians. He was recalled from his exile, and at his return he made a reconciliation between Lacedemon and his countrymen. He was afterwards appointed to carry on the war against Persia in Egypt and Cyprus, with a fleet of 200 ships, and on the coast of Asia he gave battle to the enemy, and totally ruined their fleet, A. U. C. 304. He died as he was besieging the town of Citium in Cyprus. He may be called the last of the Greeks whose spirit and boldness defeated the armies of the barbarians. He was such an inveterate enemy to the Persian power, that he formed a plan of totally destroying it; and in his wars he had so reduced the Persians, that they promised in a treaty not to pass the Chelidonian islands with their fleet, or to approach within a day's journey of the Grecian seas. See ATTICA.