Constitutions of, certain constitutions made in the reign of Henry II. A.D. 1164, in a parliament held at Clarendon, whereby the king checked the power of the pope and his clergy, and greatly Clarendon greatly narrowed the total exemption they claimed from secular jurisdiction.

**CLARENCE, Earl of.** See HYDE.

**CLARENNA,** (Tabula), in Ancient Geography, a town of Vindelicia, at the confluence of the Lycus and Danube. Now Roin, a town of Bavaria, on the south side of the Danube, at the confluence of the Lech. E. Long. 11° 6' N. Lat. 48° 45'.

**CLARENZA,** the capital of a duchy of the same name in the Morea; it is a sea-port town, situated on the Mediterranean. E. Long. 21° 40' N. Lat. 37° 40'.

**CLARET,** a name given by the French to such of their red wines as are not of a deep or high colour. See WINE.

**CLARICHORD,** or MANICHORD, a musical instrument in form of a spinet.

It has 49 or 50 stops, and 70 strings, which bear on five bridges; the first whereof is the highest, the rest diminishing in proportion. Some of the strings are in unison, their number being greater than that of the stops. There are several little mortizes for passing the jacks, armed with brass-hooks, which stop and raise the chords instead of the feather used in virginals and spinets; but what distinguishes it most is, that the chords are covered with pieces of cloth, which render the sound sweeter, and deaden it so that it cannot be heard at any considerable distance; whence it comes to be particularly in use among the nuns, who learn to play, and are unwilling to disturb the silence of the dormitory.

**CLARIFICATION,** the act of cleaning or fining any fluid from all heterogeneous matter or feculencies.

The substances usually employed for clarifying liquor, are whites of eggs, blood, and isinglass. The two first are used for such liquors as are clarified whilst boiling hot; the last for those which are clarified in the cold, such as wines, &c. The whites of eggs are beaten up into a froth, and mixed with the liquor, upon which they unite with and entangle the impure matters that float in it; and presently growing hard by the heat, carry them up to the surface in the form of a scum, no longer dissoluble in the liquid. Blood operates in the same manner, and is chiefly used in purifying the brine from which salt is made. Great quantities of isinglass are consumed for fining turbid wines. For this purpose some throw an entire piece, about a quarter of an ounce, into a wine cask; by degrees the glue dissolves, and forms a skin upon the surface, which at length subsiding, carries down with it the feculent matter which floated in the wine. Others previously dissolve the isinglass; and having boiled it down to a slimy consistence, mix it with the liquor, roll the cask strongly about, and then suffer it to stand to settle. Neumann questions the wholesomeness of wines thus purified, and assures us that he himself, after drinking only a few ounces of sack thus clarified, but not settled quite fine, was seized with sickness and vomiting, followed by such a vertigo, that he could not stand upright for a minute together. The giddiness continued with a nausea and want of appetite for several days.

**CLARIGATIO,** in Roman antiquity, a ceremony that always preceded a formal declaration of war. It was performed in this manner: first four heralds crowned with vervain were sent to demand satisfaction for the injuries done the Roman state. These heralds Clarigatio taking the gods to witness that their demands were just, one of them, with a clear voice, demanded restitution within a limited time, commonly 33 days, which being expired without restitution made, then the pater patriae, or prince of the heralds, proceeded to the enemies frontiers, and declared war.