CUMBRIA, so denominated from the Cumbri, or Britons, who inhabited it; one of the Cumberland northern counties in England. It was formerly land a kingdom, extending from the wallum of Adrian to the city of Dumbritton, now Dumbarton on the frith of Clyde of Dumbritton. At present it is a county of England, which gives the title of duke to one of the royal family, and sends two members to parliament. It is bounded on the north and north-west by Scotland; on the south and south-east by part of Lancashire and Westmoreland; it borders on the east with Northumberland and Durham; and on the west is washed by the Irish sea. Its extreme length is 72 miles, its greatest breadth 38, and it incloses an area of 1516 square miles, or 975,240 acres. It is well watered with rivers, lakes, and fountains; but none of its streams are navigable. In some places there are very high mountains, and the climate is moist, as in all hilly countries. The soil varies with the face of the country; being barren on the moors and mountains, but fertile in the valleys and level ground bordering on the sea. In general, the eastern parts of the shire are barren and desolate: yet even the least fertile parts are rich in metals and minerals. The mountains of Copland contain copper, though now little worked. Veins of the same metal, with a mixture of gold and silver, were found in the reign of Queen Elizabeth among the fells of Derwent; and royal mines were formerly wrought at Keswick. The county produces great quantities of coal; it abounds with lead mines, has a mine of black lead, and several mines of lapis calaminaris. The population in 1811 was 133,744. See Cumberland, Supplement.

Richard, a learned English divine in the end of the 17th century, was son of a citizen of London, and educated at Cambridge. In 1672 he published a Treatise of the Laws of Nature; and in 1686, An Essay toward the Jewish Weights and Measures. After the Revolution he was nominated by King William to the bishopric of Peterborough. He wrote on history, chronology, and philosophy; and was as remarkable for humility of mind, benevolence of temper, and innocence of life, as for his extensive learning. He died in 1718.