or Copper.** See Copper, Chemistry Index.

**CURACOA,** or Curassow, one of the larger Antilles islands, formerly subject to the Dutch; situated in W. Long. 68. 30. N. Lat. 12. 30. This island is little else than a bare rock, about ten leagues long and five broad; lying three leagues off the coast of Venezuela. It has an excellent harbour, but the entrance is difficult. The basin is extremely large, and convenient in every respect; and is defended by a fort skillfully constructed, and always kept in repair. The reason of forming a settlement upon this barren spot, was to carry on a contraband trade with the Spanish colonies on the continent; but after some time the method of managing this trade was changed. Curassow itself became an immense magazine, to which the Spaniards resorted in their boats to exchange gold, silver, vanilla, cocoa, cochineal, bark, skins, and mules, for negroes, linen, silks, India stuffs, spices, laces, ribbands, quicksilver, steel, and iron-ware. These voyages, though continual, did not prevent a number of Dutch sloops from passing from Curassow to the continent. But the modern substitution of register-ships, instead of galleons, has made this communication less frequent; but it will be revived whenever, by the intervention of war, the communication with the Spanish Main shall be cut off. The disputes between the courts of London and Versailles also prove favourable to the trade of Curassow. At these times it furnishes provisions to the southern parts of St Domingo, and takes off all its produce. Even the French privateers, from the windward islands, repair in great numbers to Curassow, notwithstanding the distance. The reason is, that they find there all kinds of necessary stores for their vessels; and frequently Spanish, but always European goods, which are universally used. Every commodity without exception, that is landed at Curassow, pays one per cent. port-duty. Dutch goods are never taxed higher; but those that are shipped from other European ports pay nine per cent. more. Foreign coffee is subject to the same tax, in order to promote the sale of that of Surinam. Every other production of America is subject only to a payment of three per cent. but with an express stipulation, that they are to be conveyed directly to some port belonging to the republic. This island is now in possession of Great Britain.

**CURATE,** the lowest degree in the church of England; land; he who represents the incumbent of a church, parson, or vicar, and performs divine service in his stead: and in case of pluralities of livings, or where a clergyman is old and infirm, it is requisite there should be a curate to perform the cure of the church. He is to be licensed, and admitted by the bishop of the diocese, or by an ordinary having episcopal jurisdiction; and when a curate hath the approbation of the bishop, he usually appoints the salary too; and in such case, if he be not paid, the curate hath a proper remedy in the ecclesiastical court, by a sequestration of the profits of the benefice; but if the curate is not licensed by the bishop, he is put to his remedy at common law, where he must prove the agreement, &c. A curate having no fixed estate in his curacy, not being instituted and inducted, may be removed at pleasure by the bishop or incumbent. But there are perpetual curates as well as temporary, who are appointed where the tithes are inappropriate, and no vicarage endowed: these are not removable, and the impropreitors are obliged to find them; some whereof have certain portions of the tithes settled on them. Every clergyman that officiates in a church (whether incumbent or substitute) in the liturgy is called a curate. Curates must subscribe the declaration according to the act of uniformity, or are liable to imprisonment, &c.