a sea-port town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Terra-di-Otranto, with a bishop's see. It stands on a rocky island, joined to the continent by a bridge. From the remotest antiquity this was a station so favourable to commerce, that every maritime power wished to secure it; and it is a reproach to government, that nothing has been done to improve its natural advantages: at present, Mr Swinburne informs us, it has neither harbour nor shelter for shipping. Charles II. demolished Gallipoli for its adherence to Frederick of Arragon. The Venetians treated it with great cruelty in the 15th century: and in 1481 it was pillaged by the Turks. To preserve it from future calamities, Charles V. repaired and strengthened its fortifications; and, since that period, it has enjoyed the benefits of peace and trade, which have rendered it the most opulent and gayest town upon the coast, though its inhabitants do not exceed 9000 in number. Consumptions and spitting of blood are rather frequent here, occasioned by the great subtlety of the air, which is ventilated from every quarter. The buildings are tolerable, and some of the churches have good paintings. The cotton trade brings in about 30,000 ducats a-year. Good muslins, cotton stockings, and other parts of apparel, are manufactured here, and purchased by the Provençals; for Gallipoli has no direct trade with the metropolis. Silk and saffron were formerly objects of traffic; but heavy duties and oppression have caused them to be abandoned. The wine of this territory is good; but from dryness of climate, and shallowness of soil, the vintage frequently fails in quantity; and then the Gallipolitans have recourse to Sicily for a supply. Oil is the great support of the place: two thirds of the produce of its olive plantations are exported to France, and the north of Italy; the remainder is sent to Naples, and other ports of the kingdom. Neapolitan merchants, by means of agents settled at Gallipoli, buy up the oils, from year to year, long before an olive appears upon the tree; and the price is afterwards settled by public authority. The Neapolitans sell their oil to the merchants of Leghorn; and, if faithfully served by their factors in Terra di Otranto, ought to double their capital in two years. But, to balance this advantage, they run great risks, pay exorbitant interest, and have frequent bankruptcies to guard against. E. Long. 15. 28. N. Lat. 40. 29.

a sea-port town of Turkey in Europe, in the province of Romania, seated at the mouth of the sea of Marmora, with a good harbour and a bishop's see. It contains about 10,000 Turks, and 7000 Greeks and Jews. The bazar or bezestein, the place where merchandises are sold, is a handsome structure, with domes covered with lead. It is an open place, and has no other defence than a paltry square castle. The houses of the Greeks and Jews have doors not above three feet and a half high, to prevent the Turks riding into their houses. E. Long. 26. 44. N. Lat. 40. 24.

GALILIUM. See Galium, Botany Index.