in Natural History, is used in general for all fossil bodies, whether simple or compound, dug out of a mine; from whence it takes its denomination. See MINERALOGY.
Mineral Waters. All waters naturally impregnated with any heterogeneous matter which they have dissolved within the earth may be called mineral waters, An Alphabetical Table of the most noted Mineral Waters in Europe, exhibiting their Medicinal Properties and Contents.
| Names of Springs | Countries in which they are found | Contents and Quality of the Water | Medicinal Virtues | |------------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------| | Abcourt | Near St Germain's in France | A cold chalybeate water, containing besides the iron a small quantity of fossil alkali saturated with fixed air. | Diuretic and purgative. Internally used in dropsies, jaundice, and obstructions of the viscera; externally in scrofulous eruptions, ulcers, &c. | | Aberbrothick | County of Forfar in Scotland | A cold chalybeate. Contains iron dissolved in fixed air. | Diuretic and corroborative. Used in indigestions, nervous disorders, &c. | | Acton | Middlesex county, England | Contains Epsom and sea salt. Cold. | Strongly purgative, and causes a soreness in the fundament. | | Aghaloo | Tyrone, Ireland | Sulphur, fossil alkali, and some purging salt. Cold. | Alterative and corroborant. Useful in scrofulous disorders, worms, and cutaneous diseases. | | Aix-la-Chapelle | Juliers in Germany | Sulphurous and hot. Contains aerated calcareous earth, sea salt, fossil alkali, and sulphur. | Diaphoretic, purgative, and diuretic. Used as baths as well as taken internally. Useful in rheumatisms, and all diseases proceeding from a debility of the system. | | Alford or Awford | Somersetshire, England | A purging salt along with sea salt. Cold. | Strongly purgative. | | Askeron | Yorkshire, in England | Contains Epsom salt, aerated calcareous earth, and sulphur. Cold. | Diuretic. Useful when drunk in leprosy, and other cutaneous diseases. | | Antrim | Ireland | Similar to Borrowdale water, but weaker. See AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, and BADEN, in the order of the Alphabet. | | Baden | Swabia in Germany | Hot and sulphureous springs and baths, resembling those of Aix-la-Chapelle. | | | Bagnigge | Middlesex, near London | Epsom salt and muriated magnesia. Cold. Another spring contains iron and fixed air. | Strongly purgative, three half pints being a dose. The chalybeate spring also proves purgative when the bowels contain any vitiated matter. | | Balimore | Worcestershire in England | A fine cold chalybeate, containing iron rendered soluble by fixed air, along with some other salt supposed to be fossil alkali. | Corroborative, and good in obstructions of the viscera. Drank from two to three pints in a morning. | | Ball or Bandwell | Lincolnshire in England | A cold petrifying water; contains aerated calcareous earth or magnesia. | Corroborative and astringent. Drunk to the quantity of two pints, or two and a half. | | Balaruc | Languedoc in France | Hot, and contain some purging salts. | Drank as purgatives, and used as hot baths. Useful in scrofulous and cutaneous disorders. | | Ballycastle | Antrim in Ireland | Chalybeate and sulphurous. Cold. | Resembles that of Balimore in virtue. | | Ballynahinch | Down in Ireland | Iron, fixed air, and sulphur. Cold. | Useful in scorbutic disorders and diseases of indigestion. | | Ballyspellan | Near Kilkenny in Ireland | Iron, fixed air, and probably fossil alkali. | Similar in virtue to that of Balimore. |
Vol. XIV. Part I. | Name of Springs | Countries in which they are found | Contents and Quality of the Water | Medicinal Virtues | |-----------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------| | Bagneres | Bigorre in France | Earth and sulphur. Hot. | The waters used in baths, like those of Aix-la-Chapelle. Some of the springs purgative, others diuretic. | | Bareges | Bigorre in France | Sea salt, fossil alkali, calcareous earth, selenites, sulphur, and a fine bituminous oil. Hot. | Diuretic and diaphoretic. Useful in nervous as well as cutaneous disorders, in old wounds and some venereal complaints. Used as baths, as well as taken internally to the quantity of a quart or three pints. | | Barnet and North-hall Bath | Hertfordshire in England. Somersetshire in England. | Epsom salt, and aerated calcareous earth. Iron, aerated calcareous earth, selenite, Glauber's salt, and sea salt. Hot. | Purgative. | | Bandola | Italy | Iron, fixed air, fossil alkali, and a little sulphur.—Cold. | Powerfully corroborative, and very useful in all kinds of weaknesses. Used as a bath, and taken internally. | | Borrowdale | Cumberland in England | A great quantity of sea salt, aerated calcareous earth, and some bittern. Cold. | Gently laxative, diuretic, and diaphoretic. | | Brentwood | Essex in England | Epsom salt, and aerated calcareous earth. | Strongly emetic and cathartic. Sometimes useful in the jaundice and dropsy, scorbutic disorders, and chronic obstructions. Used likewise as a bath in cutaneous diseases. Taken in the dose of a pint, containing only about seven drachms and a half of sea salt; so that a great part of the virtue must reside in the aerated calcareous earth. | | Bristol | Somersetshire in England | Calcareous earth, sea salt, Epsom salt, Glauber's salt, and selenites. Hot. | Purgative. Used as a bath; and drank from four to eight ounces at a time, to two quarts per day. Useful in consumptions, diabetes, fluor albus, &c. | | Bromley | Kent in England | Iron and fixed air. Cold. Sulphur, sea salt, Epsom salt, and aerated earth. Cold. | Diuretic and corroborative. Similar to Harrowgate. | | Broughton | Yorkshire in England | A small quantity of sea salt, fossil alkali, Epsom salt, and aerated calcareous earth. Hot. Here is also a fine cold chalybeate spring. | Useful in gout, rheumatism, and other disorders in which tepid baths are serviceable. Used as baths, and drank to the quantity of five or six pints per day. | | Buxton | Derbyshire in England | Iron, fixed air, aerated earth, sea salt, fossil alkali, Epsom salt, and Glauber's salt. Hot. | Purgative, and used as baths. Of service in disorders of the stomach and bowels, scrofula, &c. | | Caroline baths | Bohemia | Iron dissolved in fixed air, along with a bituminous oil, which gives it the smell of horse dung.—Cold. | Diuretic and corroborative. | | Carlton | Nottinghamshire in England | Iron dissolved in fixed air, along with a bituminous oil, which gives it the smell of horse dung.—Cold. | Weakly purgative. | | Carrickfergus | Antrim in Ireland | Seems from its bluish colour to contain a very small quantity of copper. Cold. | Purgative and diuretic. | | Carrickmore | Cavan in Ireland | Fossil alkali, fixed air, and some purging salt. Cold. | Purgative, diuretic, and sometimes excitic. | | Cashmore | Waterford in Ireland | Green vitriol. | Resembles the German Spaw, and is in considerable repute. | | Castle-Connel | Limerick in Ireland | Iron dissolved in fixed air, &c. Cold. | Diuretic, diaphoretic, and corroborant; useful in cutaneous diseases. | | Castle-Leod | Ross-shire in Scotland | Aerated earth, selenites, Glauber's salt, and sulphur. Cold. | Castlemain, | | Names of Springs | Countries in which they are found | Contents and Quality of the Water | Medicinal Virtues | |-----------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------| | Castlemain | Kerry in Ireland | Iron, sulphur, and fixed air. Cold. | Corroborant and diuretic. | | Cawley | Derbyshire in England | Epsom salt; aerated calcareous earth, and sulphur. Cold. | Gently purgative. | | Cawthorp | Lincolnshire in England | Iron, fixed air, and probably fossil alkali. Cold. | Purgative, and corrects acidities. | | Chadlington | Oxfordshire in England | Fossil alkali, sea salt, and sulphur. Cold. | Purgative. | | Chaude Fontaine | Liege in Germany | Aerated earth, fossil alkali, and fixed air. Hot. | Resembles those of Aix-la-Chapelle and Buxton. | | Cheltenham | Gloucestershire in England | Calcareous earth, iron, Epsom salt, and common salt. Cold. | Purgative and corroborant; taken in the quantity of from one to three or four pints. It is useful in cases of indigestion and scorbutic disorders; also in the gravel. | | Chippenham | Wiltshire in England | Iron dissolved in fixed air. | Diuretic and corroborative. | | Cleves | Germany | Iron, fixed air, and other ingredients of Pyrmont water. | Diuretic and corroborant. | | Clifton | Oxfordshire in England | Fossil alkali and aerated calcareous earth or selenite. Cold. | Gently laxative, and used as a bath for cutaneous disorders. | | Cobham | Surry in England | Iron, and some purging salt. | Purgative, diuretic, and corroborant. | | Codsalwood | Staffordshire in England | Sulphur, fixed air, and aerated earth. | Resembles the Askeron water. | | Colchester | Essex in England | Epsom salt, and aerated calcareous earth. | Strongly purgative. | | Colurian | Cornwall in England | Iron, fixed air, and aerated earth. | Corroborative and diuretic. | | Comner, or Comner | Berkshire in England | Some purging salt, and probably aerated earth; the water is of a whitish colour. | Purgative, in the quantity of one, two, or three quarts. | | Coolauran | Fermanagh in Ireland | Iron, fixed air, and aerated earth. | Diuretic. | | Corstorphine | Mid Lothian in Scotland | Sulphur, sea salt, clay, and Epsom salt. Cold. | Diuretic and laxative. | | Coventry | Warwickshire in England | Iron, fixed air, and some purging salt. | Purgative, diuretic, and corroborant. | | Crickle Spaw | Lancashire in England | Sulphur, sea salt, and aerated earth. | Purgative, and resembling Harrowgate water. | | Croft | Yorkshire in England | Aerated earth, vitriolated magnesia, and sea salt. | Purgative, and resembling Askeron water. | | Crosstown | Waterford in Ireland | Martial vitriol. | Diuretic, purgative, and sometimes emetic. | | Cunley-house | Lancashire in England | Sulphur, aerated earth, and fixed air. | Purgative, and resembling the Askeron water. | | Das Wild Bad | Nuremberg in Germany | Iron, fixed air, and some saline matter. | Corroborant. Useful in obstructions of the viscera, and female complaints. Used as a bath, and also drank, like the Aix-la-Chapelle waters. | | D'ax en Foix | 15 leagues from Toulouse in France | Similar to Aix-la-Chapelle. Hot. | Alternative, purgative in large quantity, and useful in scorbutic and cutaneous disorders. | | Deddington | Oxford in England | Iron, sulphur, aerated earth, sea salt, or fossil alkali. | Corroborant. | | Derby | Near the capital of Derbyshire in England. | Iron dissolved by fixed air. | Diuretic and diaphoretic. | | Derryinch | Fermanagh in Ireland | Sulphur and fossil alkali. | Similar to the Askeron water. | | Derrindaff | Cavan in Ireland | Sulphur and purging salt. | Q 2 Derrylester, | | Names of Springs | Countries in which they are found | Contents and Quality of the Water | Medicinal Virtues | |-----------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------| | Derrylester | Cavan in Ireland | Similar to Swadlingbar water | | | Dog and Duck | St George's Fields, London | Aerated magnesia, Epsom salt, and sea salt | Cooling and purgative, but apt to bring on or increase the fluor albus in women. | | Dortshill | Staffordshire in England | Iron dissolved in fixed air | Corroborant. | | Drigwell | Cumberland in England | Similar to Deddington | | | Dropping-well | Yorkshire in England | Aerated earth | Astringent and corroborant. | | Drumas-nave | Leitrim in Ireland | Sulphur, fossil alkali, with some purging salt | Powerfully diuretic and anthelmintic, and of use in cutaneous and scrofulous disorders. | | Drumgoon | Fermanagh in Ireland | Similar to the former | | | Dublin salt springs | Ireland | Sea salt and Epsom salt | Purgative. | | Dulwich | Kent in England | Sea salt and Epsom salt | Purgative and diuretic. Useful in nervous cases and diseases proceeding from debility. | | Dunnard | 18 miles from Dublin | Iron dissolved in fixed air | Diuretic and corroborant. | | Dunse | Scotland | Iron dissolved in fixed air, with a little sea salt and bitter. | Similar to the former. | | Durham | England | Sulphur, sea salt, and a little aerated earth. In the middle of the river is a salt spring. | Similar to the Harrowgate water.—That of the salt spring used as a purgative. | | Egra | Bohemia | Similar to Cheltenham water | | | Epsom | Surry in England | Vitriolated and muriated magnesia, with a small quantity of aerated calcareous earth. | Purgative, and of use in washing old sores. | | Fairburn | Ross-shire in Scotland | Sulphur, aerated earth, and Glauber's salts. | Alterative, and useful in cutaneous diseases. | | Felstead | Essex in England | Similar to Islington | | | Filah | Yorkshire in England | Sea salt and aerated earth | Powerfully diuretic and purgative. | | Frankfort | Germany | Sulphur and sea salt | Similar to Harrowgate. | | Gainsborough | Lincolnshire in England | Sulphur, iron, aerated earth, and Epsom salt. | Diuretic and laxative. | | Galway | Ireland | Similar to Tunbridge water | | | Glaumile | Ireland | Similar to Peterhead water | | | Glastonbury | Somersetshire in England | Similar to Clifton water | | | Glendy | Merns county in Scotland | Similar to Peterhead water | | | Granshaw | Down in Ireland | Iron; similar to the German Spaw. | | | Haigh | Lancashire in England | Green vitriol, iron dissolved by fixed air, with some aerated earth. | Emetic and cathartic. | | Hampstead | England | Green vitriol, iron dissolved by fixed air, and a small quantity of aerated earth. | Alterative and corroborant. The water is taken from half a pint to several pints; is better in the morning than in the middle of the day, and in cold than hot weather. | | Hanbridge | Lancashire in England | Similar to Scarborough water | Less purgative than the Scarborough water. |
Hanlys | Names of Springs | Countries in which they are found | Contents and Quality of the Water | Medicinal Virtues | |-----------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------| | Hanlys | Shropshire in England | Epsom, or other purging salt | Purgative | | Harrowgate | Yorkshire in England | Sulphur, sea salt and some purging salt. Some chalybeate springs here also. | Alterative, purgative, and anthelmintic; useful in scurvy, scrofula, and cutaneous diseases. Used externally for strains and paralytic weaknesses. | | Hartfell | Annandale in Scotland | Green vitriol, alum, and azotic gas. | Astringent and corroborant. Useful in all kinds of inward discharges of blood. | | Hartlepool | Durham in England | Sulphur, iron dissolved by fixed air, with some purging salt. | Diuretic and laxative. | | Holt | Wiltshire in England | Purging salt, with a large quantity of aerated earth. | Mildly purgative. Useful in old ulcers and cutaneous disorders. | | Joseph's well | Stock Common near Cobham, in Surrey | A very large proportion of Epsom salt, and possibly a little sea salt. | Alterative, purgative, and diuretic. Drank to about a quart, it passes briskly without gripping; taken in less doses as an alterative, it is a good antiscorbutic. | | Ilmington | Warwickshire in England | Aerated fossil alkali, with some iron dissolved by fixed air. | Diuretic and laxative. | | Inglewhite | Lancashire in England | Sulphur, and iron dissolved by fixed air. | Alterative. Useful in scorbutic and cutaneous diseases. | | Islington | Near London | Iron dissolved by fixed air. | Corroborant. Useful in lowness of spirits and nervous diseases. Operates by urine, and may be drank in large quantity. | | Kanturk | Cork in Ireland | Similar to the water at Peterhead. | Similar to Harrowgate; but intolerably fetid. | | Kedlestone | Derbyshire in England | Sulphur, sea salt, and aerated earth. | Similar to Acton water. | | Kensington | Near London | Similar to Acton water. | Emetic and cathartic, in the dose of half a pint. | | Kilbrew | Meath in Ireland | A large quantity of green vitriol. | | | Kilburn | Near London | Fixed air, hepatic air, Epsom salt, Glauber's salt; muriated magnesia, sea salt, aerated earth, and iron. | | | Killasher | Fermanagh in Ireland | Sulphur and fossil alkali. | Similar to Swadlingbar water. | | Killingshanvalley | Fermanagh, Ireland | Similar to Hanlys chalybeate water. | | | Kilroot | Antrim in Ireland | Nature of Borrowdale water, but weaker. | | | Kinalton | Nottinghamshire in England | A purging salt. | Purgative. | | Kincardine | Moray in Scotland | Similar to the water of Peterhead. | | | Kingscliff | Northamptonshire in England | Similar to Cheltenham waters. | | | Kirby | Westmoreland in England | Iron, fixed air, and probably some fossil alkali. | Laxative, and useful in correcting acidities. | | Knaresborough | See Dropping-well. | Similar to Scarborough water. | | | Knowsley | Lancashire in England | Similar to Scarborough water. | | | Kuka | Bohemia | Aerated fixed alkali. | Operates by insensible perspiration, sometimes by spitting, sweat or urine. | | Lancaster | England | Similar to Tunbridge water. | | | Latham | Lancashire in England | Similar to the former. | |
Llandrindod. | Names of Springs | Countries in which they are found | Contents and Quality of the Water | Medicinal Virtues | |-----------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------| | Llandrindod | Radnor in South Wales | Three springs; a purgative, a sulphurous, and chalybeate. Useful in the scurvy, leprosy, cutaneous disorders, &c. | | Llangubi | Caernarvonshire in North Wales | Sea salt and aerated calcareous earth. Similar to Islington water. Emetic and cathartic. Useful in old sores, and cures mangy dogs. | | Leamington | Warwickshire in England | Aerated iron, fossil alkali, and a little Epsom salt. | | Leez Lincomb | Essex in England | Sulphur, &c. Similar to Swadlingbar water. | | Lisbeak | Fermanagh in Ireland | Fossil alkali, with much iron. Emetic, cathartic, and diuretic. | | Lisdone Vurna | Clare in Ireland | Sulphur, and some purging salt. Used only for washing mangy dogs and scabby horses. | | Loansbury | Yorkshire in England | Similar to Ilmington water. | | Macroomp | Cork in Ireland | Similar to Borrowdale water. | | Mahereberge | Kerry in Ireland | A hot water, similar to that of Bristol. | | Mallow | Cork in Ireland | Similar to Scarborough water, but is sometimes apt to vomit. | | Malton | Yorkshire in England | Iron and fixed air in considerable quantity. Diuretic and cathartic; used also externally. Recommended as excellent in diseases of the skin; in leprosies, scorbutic complaints, scrofula, old sores, &c. Also serviceable in inflammations and other diseases of the eyes; in the gout and stone, in bilious and paralytic cases, and in female obstructions. The external use is by washing the part at the spout several times a-day, and afterwards covering it with cloths dipt in the water and kept constantly moist; also by general bathing. | | Malvern | Gloucestershire in England | Iron. Two springs. | | Markshall | Essex in England | Similar to Islington. Warm springs, of the nature of the Bristol water, except that they are very slightly impregnated with iron, but contain a great quantity of aerated earth. They are colder than the Buxton; but their virtues similar to those of the two places mentioned. | | Matlock | Derbyshire in England | Sulphur and sea salt. Similar to Harrowgate. | | Maudsley | Lancashire in England | Sulphur and fossil alkali. Similar to the waters of Drumgoon. | | Mechan | Fermanagh in Ireland | Similar to Tunbridge. | | Miller's Spaw | Lancashire in England | Sulphurated hydrogen, carbonic acid and azotic gases, with common salt. Alterant, diuretic, and sometimes purgative. Is used as a bath, and the steam of the hot water has been found serviceable in relaxing hard tumors and stiff joints. | | Moffat | Annandale in Scotland | Similar to Islington water. Purges strongly. | | Moss-house | Lancashire in England | Similar to Holt water. | | Moreton | Shropshire in England | | | Name of Springs | Countries in which they are found | Contents and Quality of the Water | Medicinal Virtues | |-----------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------| | Mount D'Or | France | Warm, and similar to the waters of Aix-la-Chapelle. | Diuretic, purgative, and diaphoretic. | | Nevil Holt | Leicestershire in England | Selenite or aerated earth, and Epsom salt. | Purgative, diuretic, and diaphoretic.—Powerfully antiseptic in putrid diseases, and excellent in diarrhoea, dysenteries, &c. | | New Cartmall | Lancashire in England | Sea salt and aerated earth. | Purgative. | | Newnham Regis | Warwickshire in England | Similar to Scarborough water. | | | Newtondale | Yorkshire in England | Aerated calcareous earth or magnesia. | Astringent or tonic. | | Newton-Stewart | Tyrone in Ireland | Similar to Tunbridge. | | | Nezdenice | Germany | Fixed air, fossil alkali, iron, and earth. | Diuretic, diaphoretic, and tonic. | | Nobber | Meath in Ireland | Martial vitriol. | Similar to Hartfell. | | Normanby | Yorkshire in England | Sulphur, much fixed air, some sea salt, and Epsom salt. | Similar to Askeron water. | | Nottington | Dorsetshire, England | Sulphur, fossil alkali, and earth. | Useful in cutaneous diseases. | | Orston | Nottingham, England | Much fixed air, Epsom salt, and a little sea salt, with some iron. | Purgative.—It intoxicates by reason of the great quantity of air contained in it. | | Oulton | Norfolk, England | Similar to Islington. | | | Owen Bren | Cavan, Ireland | Sulphur, Epsom salt, and fossil alkali. | Similar to Askeron water. | | Pancras | Near London | Epsom salt, and aerated earth. | Diuretic and purgative. | | Passy | Near Paris | Similar to Pyrmont water. | | | Peterhead | Aberdeen county, Scotland | A strong chalybeate, but of which no analysis has been published. | Similar to Islington, but more powerful. | | Pettigoe | Donegal, Ireland | Sulphur and purging salt. | Similar to Askeron water. | | Pitkeathly | Perthshire, Scotland | Sea salt, a small quantity of muriated and likewise of aerated earth. | Gently purgative. Very useful in scrofulous and scorbutic habits. | | Plombiers | Lorraine, France | Saline matter, probably fossil alkali, with a small portion of oil.—Warm. | Used as a bath, and for washing ulcers. Inwardly taken it cures complaints from acidity, hemorrhages, &c. | | Pontgibault | Auvergne, France | Fossil alkali and calcareous earth. | Diuretic and laxative. | | Pouques | Nivernois, France | Calcareous earth, magnesia, fossil alkali, seasalt, earth of alum, and siliceous earth. | Diuretic and laxative. | | Pyrmont | Westphalia, Germany | Aerated iron, calcareous earth, magnesia, Epsom salt, and common salt. | Diuretic, diaphoretic, and laxative. Recommended in cases where the constitution is relaxed; in female complaints, in cutaneous diseases, in nervous disorders, in the gravel and urinary obstructions; and considered as among the best restoratives in decayed and broken constitutions. | | Queen Camel | Somersetshire, England | Sulphur, sea salt, fossil alkali, calcareous earth, and bituminous oil. | Used in scrofulous and cutaneous disorders. | | Richmond | Surry in England | Similar to Acton water. | | | Rippon | Yorkshire, England | Sulphur, sea salt, and aerated earth. | Diaphoretic and alterant. |
Road, | Names of Springs | Countries in which they are found | Contents and Quality of the Water | Medicinal Virtues | |-----------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------| | Road, St Bartholomew's well, St Bernard's well | Wiltshire, England, Cork in Ireland, Near Edinburgh | Sulphur, iron, fossil alkali, and fixed air | Useful in scrofula, scurvy, and cutaneous disorders.—Acts as a laxative. Similar to Tilbury water. | | St Erasmus's well, Scarborough | Staffordshire, England, Yorkshire, England | Aerated calcareous earth, Epsom salt, sea salt, and iron | Somewhat congenial with Moffat and Harrogate. In nervous and stomachic cases, analeptic and restorative; in scorbatic, scrofulous, and most dropsical cases, reckoned a specific. Similar to Borrowdale water. | | Scollensis | Switzerland | Iron, fossil alkali, and a great quantity of fixed air | Excellent in colic pains, both as a cure and preventive. | | Seidlitz, Seltzer | Bohemia, Germany | Epsom salt | Strongly purgative. Diuretic. Useful in the gravel, rheumatism, scurvy, scrofula, &c. | | Sene, or Send, Seydschutz, Shadwell, Shapmoor | Wiltshire, England, Germany, Near London, Westmoreland, England | Calcareous earth, magnesia, fossil alkali, and fixed air | Diuretic and purgative. Useful in the gravel, rheumatism, scurvy, scrofula, &c. | | Shettlewood | Derbyshire, England | Sulphur and purging salt | Similar to Askeron water. | | Shipton | Yorkshire, England | Sulphur, sea salt, and purging salt | Similar to Harrowgate. | | Somersham | Huntingdonshire, England | Green vitriol, alum, and fixed air | Corroborant and alterative. Useful for washing foul ulcers and cancers. | | Spaw | Liege in Germany | Fossil alkali, iron, aerated earth, Epsom salt, and sea salt | Diuretic and purgative. Serviceable in many disorders. See the article Spaw. | | Stanger | Cumberland, England | Green vitriol | Emetic and cathartic. | | Stenfield | Lincolnshire, England | Similar to Orston. | | | Streatham | Surrey, England | Aerated earth, Epsom salt, sea salt, and muriated magnesia. | Purgative. | | Suchaloza, Sutton bog | Hungary, Oxfordshire, England | Sulphur, fossil alkali, and sea salt. | Similar to Nezdenice. | | Swadlingbar | Cavan in Ireland | Sulphur, earth, sea salt, and fossil alkali. | Alternative and diaphoretic. | | Swansea | Glamorganshire in North Wales | Green vitriol. | Similar to Shadwell. | | Sydenham | Kent in England | Similar to Epsom, but weaker. | | | Tarleton | Lancashire in England | Similar to Scarborough water. | | | Tewksbury | Gloucestershire in England | Similar to Acton. | | | Thetford | Norfolk in England | Fossil alkali, fixed air, and iron. | Purgative and diuretic. | | Thornton | Nottinghamshire in England | Similar to Orston. | | | Thursk | Yorkshire in England | Similar to Scarborough. | | | Tibshelf | Derbyshire in England | Iron dissolved in fixed air. | Similar to Spaw water. |
Tilbury, ### MINERALOGY
**MINERALOGY** is that branch of natural history which has for its object the description and discrimination of inorganized or mineral substances, as they are found in the earth or on its surface.
The knowledge of some mineral bodies may be considered as coeval with the earliest ages of the world. The rudest and most barbarous nations could not be ignorant of some of the properties of the substances which were most familiar to their observation; and mankind have made little progress in civilization, when they are entirely unacquainted with the nature of those matters from which some of the metals are extracted.
Precious stones, it seems not at all improbable, first attracted the notice of mankind. The richness of colour, brilliancy, lustre, and durability of these bodies, could not fail to excite admiration, and make them be sought after as ornaments, even by the least civilized people, and in countries where they are most abundant. They were well known, it would appear from the sacred writings, among the Jews and Egyptians in the time of Moses. At this period, however, both the Jews and Egyptians had advanced far in refinement.
But this knowledge was too limited to be dignified with the name of Mineralogy. It wanted that comprehensive, connected, and scientific view which could entitle it to that denomination. And indeed it may be said to be only of modern date that the knowledge of minerals rose to the rank of science, and assumed anything like a regular and connected form.
Dioscorides and Theophrastus among the Greeks, and Writers on Pliny among the Romans, have, it is true, described a few mineral bodies; and Avicenna, an Arabian philosopher and physician, who flourished in the end of the 12th and beginning of the 11th century, arranged those objects into four great classes, viz. 1. Stony bodies. 2. Saline bodies. 3. Inflammable bodies; and, 4. Metals—an arrangement which, it is curious to remark, must be well founded; for it has been adopted, sometimes indeed with slight deviations, by almost all mineralogical writers.
| Names of Springs | Countries in which they are found | Contents and Quality of the Water | Medicinal Virtues | |-----------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------| | Tilbury | Essex in England | Fossil alkali | Diuretic and diaphoretic. Similar to Tilbury. | | Tober Bony | Near Dublin in Ireland | Fossil alkali, earth, and bituminous oil. | Similar to Seltzer, but more purgative. | | Tonstein | Cologne in Germany | Fossil alkali | An excellent chalybeate, useful in all diseases for which the Spaw is recommended. | | Tralee | Kerry in Ireland | Similar to Castle Connel. Iron, some sea salt, with a little selenites and calcareous earth. | Purgative and diuretic. | | Tunbridge | Kent in England | Sulphur, fossil alkali, and purging salt. | Diuretic and laxative. Similar to Harrowgate water. | | Upminster | Essex in England | Sulphur, fossil alkali, and purging salt. | Purgative. | | Vahls | Dauphiny in France | Fossil alkali | Diuretic and laxative. Used for washing ulcers of the legs. | | Wardrew | Northumberland | Sulphur, earth, and sea salt. | Somewhat astringent. | | Weatherstack | Westmoreland in England | Iron, sea salt, and a small quantity of hepatic gas. | Useful in scrofulous and cutaneous diseases. | | Wallenfrow | Northamptonshire in England | Similar to Islington water. | Useless in scrofulous cases. | | West Ashton | Wiltshire in England | Similar to Islington. | | | Westwood | Derbyshire in England | Green vitriol. | | | Wexford | Ireland | Similar to Islington. | | | Whiteacre | Lancashire in England | Aerated iron, and probably calcareous earth. | | | Wigglesworth | Yorkshire in England | Sulphur, earth, and common salt. | | | Wildangan | Waldech in Germany | Similar to the waters of Bath. | | | Windgate Spaw | Northumberland | Carbonate of iron, green vitriol, alum, common salt, calcareous earth. | | | Witham | Essex in England | Aerated iron, and common salt. | | | Wirksworth | Derbyshire in England | Sulphur, purging salt, and aerated iron. | | | Zahorovice | Germany | Similar to Nezdenice water. | |
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**MINERALOGY**
MINERALOGY is that branch of natural history which has for its object the description and discrimination of inorganized or mineral substances, as they are found in the earth or on its surface.
The knowledge of some mineral bodies may be considered as coeval with the earliest ages of the world. The rudest and most barbarous nations could not be ignorant of some of the properties of the substances which were most familiar to their observation; and mankind have made little progress in civilization, when they are entirely unacquainted with the nature of those matters from which some of the metals are extracted.
Precious stones, it seems not at all improbable, first attracted the notice of mankind. The richness of colour, brilliancy, lustre, and durability of these bodies, could not fail to excite admiration, and make them be sought after as ornaments, even by the least civilized people, and in countries where they are most abundant. They were well known, it would appear from the sacred writings, among the Jews and Egyptians in the time of Moses. At this period, however, both the Jews and Egyptians had advanced far in refinement.
But this knowledge was too limited to be dignified with the name of Mineralogy. It wanted that comprehensive, connected, and scientific view which could entitle it to that denomination. And indeed it may be said to be only of modern date that the knowledge of minerals rose to the rank of science, and assumed anything like a regular and connected form.
Dioscorides and Theophrastus among the Greeks, and Writers on Pliny among the Romans, have, it is true, described a few mineral bodies; and Avicenna, an Arabian philosopher and physician, who flourished in the end of the 12th and beginning of the 11th century, arranged those objects into four great classes, viz. 1. Stony bodies. 2. Saline bodies. 3. Inflammable bodies; and, 4. Metals—an arrangement which, it is curious to remark, must be well founded; for it has been adopted, sometimes indeed with slight deviations, by almost all mineralogical writers.