Oczakoff, a town in southern Russia in the province of Cherson, and formerly belonging to Turkey. It had a Turkish garrison of 20,000 men, but was taken by the Russians in 1737, and all those that resisted were put to the sword. The Russians themselves lost 18,000 men in the assault. The Turks returned the same year with 70,000 men to retake it; but were obliged to retire, after the loss of 20,000. In 1738, the Russians withdrew their garrison, and demolished the fortifications. It is seated on the river Bog, to the west of the Nieper, or rather where they both unite and fall into the Black sea. It is 42 miles south-west of Bialagrod, and 190 north by east of Constantinople. It has been again lately a subject of contest between the Russians and Turks, but finally remains in the possession of the latter. Its population has diminished, and its importance sunk, since the rise of Odessa. E. Long. 30° 50' N. Lat. 46° 50'.