(c) Of the capital, and number of persons employed in the manufacture, and of the revenue paid to government from them, it is obvious, that the amount, from numerous circumstances, must be extremely variable.

PALATIUM, a name generally given to the dwelling houses of kings, princes, and other great personages; and taking different epithets, according to the quality of the inhabitants, as imperial palace, royal palace, pontifical palace, cardinal palace, ducal palace, episcopal palace, &c.

It is customary in China to build palaces in honour of great ancestors. Hu-pi-lay, of the Mogul empire, in the year 1263, built one for his ancestors; and he is the first who borrowed this Chinese custom. Amongst the works of the ancient Egyptians, we have an account, in the Ancient Universal History, of a most magnificent palace in the Upper Egypt, not far from Aswan, the ancient Syene; the ruins whereof are enough to strike a spectator with astonishment. It is as large as a little city, having four avenues of columns, leading to as many porticoes. At each gate, between two pillars of porphyry, stand two gigantic figures of fine black marble, armed with maces. The avenues consist of columns set three and three together, in a triangle, on one pedestal: on the chapter of each triangle is placed a sphinx and a tomb alternately. Every column is 70 feet high, all of one stone. There are in all the four avenues about 5000 or 6000 of these columns, a great many of which are fallen down.

The first hall of this palace is adorned with pieces of history, which seem as fresh as if the painting had not been long finished. In some places they have represented the hunting of antelopes; in others, feasts, and a great many young children playing with all kinds of animals. From thence you go into other apartments, incrusted with marble, the roof being supported with pillars of porphyry and black marble. Notwithstanding the vast quantity of rubbish, our author made shift to get up to the top of this building, from whence he had a prospect of the ruins of the greatest city that ever had been, as he thought, in the world. He supposes it might be the ancient Thebes; but that city stood much lower.