regard at all to the other natural and necessary causes of things; but on the contrary, their juniors, who were called naturalists, deviating from this most excellent and divine principle, placed all in bodies, their passions, collisions, mutations, and conmixtures."

That by the most ancient theologers here mentioned, Plutarch meant Orpheus and his immediate followers, is plain from the Orphic verse by which he proves their antiquity. By their juniors, whom he calls naturalists, he could mean no other than the first Grecian philosophers, Anaximander, Anaximenes, and Hippo, who were followed by the atheistical atomists, Leucippus, Democritus, Protagoras, and Epicurus. But with respect to the universe being God, and all things divine and human being modifications of mere matter, the stoics undoubtedly agreed with Anaximander and his followers; for the school of Zeno held but one substance. See Metaphysics, No. 265. This impious doctrine, that all things are God, and that there is but one substance, was revived in modern times by Spinoza, an apostate Jew.

As we shall give a life of him and a view of his principles, we must refer the reader for a fuller account of Pantheism to Spinoza. See also Pan.