a name given at sea to the several stations where the officers and crew of a ship of war are posted in action. See WAR, Part II.

The number of men appointed to manage the artillery is always in proportion to the nature of the guns, and the number and condition of the ship's crew. They are, in general, as follow, when the ship is well manned, so as to fight both sides at once occasionally:

| Powder | No. of men | Powder | No. of men | |--------|------------|--------|------------| | To a 42 | 15 | To a 9 | 6 | | 32 | 13 | 6 | 5 | | 24 | 11 | 4 | 4 | | 18 | 9 | 3 | 3 | | 12 | 7 | | |

This number, to which is often added a boy to bring powder to every gun, may be occasionally reduced, and the guns nevertheless well managed. The number of men appointed to the small arms, on board his Majesty's ships and sloops of war, by order of the admiralty, are:

| Rate of the ship | No. of men to the small arms | |------------------|-----------------------------| | 1st | 150 | | 2d | 120 | | 3d of 80 guns | 100 | | — of 70 guns | 80 | | 4th of 62 guns | 70 | | 4th of 50 guns | 60 | | 5th | 50 | | 6th | 40 | | Sloops of war | 30 |

The lieutenants are usually stationed to command the different batteries, and direct their efforts against the enemy. The master superintends the movements of the ship, and whatever relates to the sails. The boatswain, and a sufficient number of men, are stationed to repair the damaged rigging; and the gunner and carpenter, wherever necessary, according to their respective offices.

The marines are generally quartered on the poop and forecastle, or gang-way, under the directions of their officers; although, on some occasions, they assist at the great guns, particularly in distant cannonading.

at a siege, the encampment upon one of the principal passages round a place besieged, to prevent relief and convoys.

Head QUARTERS of an Army, the place where the commander in chief has his quarters. The quarters of generals of horse are, if possible, in villages behind the right and left wings, and the generals of foot are often in the same place: but the commander in chief should be near the centre of the army.

QUARTERS of Refreshment, the place or places where troops that have been much harassed are put to recover themselves during some part of the campaign.

Intrenched QUARTERS, a place fortified with a ditch and parapet to secure a body of troops.

Winter QUARTERS, sometimes means the space of time included between leaving the camp and taking the field; but more properly the places where the troops are quartered during the winter.

The first business, after the army is in winter-quarters, is to form the chain of troops to cover the quarters well: which is done either behind a river, under cover of a range of strong posts, or under the protection of fortified towns. Hussars are very useful on this service.

It should be observed, as an invariable maxim, in winter quarters, that your regiments be disposed in brigades, to be always under the eye of a general officer; and, if possible, let the regiments be so distributed, as to be each under the command of its own chief.