an ancient, large, rich, and populous city of Spain, in the kingdom of Leon, situated on the river Tormes, about 75 miles west from Madrid. It is said to have been founded by Teucer the son of Telamon, who called it Salamis or Salamanca, in memory of the ancient Salamis. Here is an university, the greatest in Spain, consisting of 24 colleges, and perhaps inferior to none in the whole world, in respect at least to its revenues, buildings, number of scholars, and masters. Here are also many grand and magnificent palaces, squares, convents, &c. Of the colleges in the university, four are appropriated to young men of quality; and near it is an infirmary for poor sick scholars. In the neighbourhood of this town a battle was fought on the 21st July 1812, between the British army under Lord Wellington, and the French army under Marshal Marmont, in which the latter was defeated with the loss of 7000 prisoners, and a vast number killed and wounded. The British loss amounted to 700 killed, and 4000 wounded. W. Long. 6. 10. N. Lat. 41. 0.