a city of Spain, in the kingdom of Arragon, with an archbishop's see, an university, and a court of inquisition. It is a large, handsome, and well-built town. The streets are long, broad, well paved, and very clean, and the houses from three to six stories high. It is adorned with many magnificent buildings; and they reckon 17 large churches, and 14 handsome monasteries, not to mention others less considerable. In 1808, this city sustained two of the most memorable sieges recorded in history. When the French in the beginning of the year had occupied a considerable part of Spain, a body of 8000 infantry and 900 cavalry, were despatched under General Le Fevre, against Saragossa. The Spaniards, under the celebrated Palafoux, met them in the field, but being worsted in some actions, retired into the town. Saragossa stands in an open plain, covered with olive grounds, but quite unfortified, and without any natural strength of position. The inhabitants were estimated at 60,000. Some parties of French entered the town on the 14th June, but were instantly driven back with great loss. The French commander, sensible that his force was too weak, retired; but on the 27th they renewed their attacks with great reinforcements. From this time to 13th August, the siege continued almost without intermission. After incredible efforts, the French obtained possession of some streets; but the Spaniards obstinately contested every inch of ground. When a summons was sent to the besieged to surrender, "war to the point of the knife," was the reply. To procure ammunition, they collected all the sulphur in the town, worked the soil of the streets for saltpetre, and burnt the stalks of hemp to furnish charcoal. The contest was carried on house by house, and street by street. Batteries were erected by the opposite parties within a few yards of one another; and to prevent the accumulation of carcasses on the streets from spreading contagion, Palafoux caused French prisoners to be pushed out with a rope attached to them to collect the bodies of their countrymen, and remove them for burial. The women assisted bravely in the most perilous exertions. In this singular warfare the citizens gained by degrees upon their enemies, and from a half of the town which they once possessed, reduced them to an eighth. At length, on the 13th August, the French general Verdier, retired from the town, carrying with him a vast number of wounded. On the 27th November, a French army under Moncey, appeared before the town. The bombardment continued till the 20th February; and after one of the most heroic defences in history, the town was compelled to surrender, 30,000 of the inhabitants having fallen in the siege, and 500 or 400 dying daily of the pestilence, and only a very small number of men remaining fit to bear arms. W. Long. O. 48. N. Lat. 41. 44.