in Astronomy, a conjunction or concourse of two or more stars or planets, in the same optical place of the heavens.

SYNOD signifies also a meeting or assembly of ecclesiastical persons to consult on matters of religion.

Of these there are four kinds, viz. 1. General, or oecumenical, where bishops, &c., meet from all nations. These were first called by the emperors, afterwards by Christian princes; till in later ages the pope usurped to himself the greatest share in this business, and by his legates presided in them when called. 2. National, where those of one nation only come together, to determine any point of doctrine or discipline. The first of this sort which we read of in England, was that of Hereford or Hertford, in 1673, and the last was that held by Cardinal Pole, in 1555. 3. Provincial, where those only of one province meet, now called the convocation. 4. Diocesan, where those of but one diocese meet, to enforce canons made by general councils, or national and provincial synods, and to consult and agree upon rules of discipline for themselves. These were not wholly laid aside, till by the act of submission, 25 Hen. VIII. c. 19, it was made unlawful for any synod to meet, but by royal authority. See COUNCIL and CONVOCATION.

SYNODS, Provincial, in the Government of the Church of Scotland. See PRESBYTERIANS, No. 14.