province of Europe, annexed to Hungary, and bounded on the north by Upper Hungary and Galicia, on the east by Moldavia and Wallachia, on the south by Walachia, and on the west by Upper and Lower Hungary. It is surrounded on all parts by high mountains, and covers an area of 21,000 square English miles. The inhabitants have abundance of corn and wine; and there are rich mines of gold, silver, lead, copper, quicksilver, and alum. It has undergone various revolutions; but it now belongs to the house of Austria. The inhabitants are of several sorts of religions; as Papists, Lutherans, Calvinists, Socinians, Photinians, Arians, Greeks, and Mahometans. It is about 162 miles in length, and 150 in breadth. The administration of affairs is conducted by twelve persons; namely, three Roman Catholics, three Lutherans, three Calvinists, and three Socinians. The militia is commanded by the governor, whose commission is the more important, as Transylvania is the bulwark of Christendom. It is divided into several small districts, called palatinates and counties; and its inhabitants, who consist of Saxons, Silesians, and Hungarians, amounted to 1,655,400 in 1805. Hermanstadt is the capital town.