a circle in the Russian province of Jekaterinoslaw, on the east side of the Dnieper. It was formerly a frontier district towards Turkey, and protected by seven fortresses, which are neglected and fast decaying. It is a poor, sandy, thinly peopled circle. The capital of the circle bears the same name. It stands on the river Dnieper, at the commencement of the ancient line of demarcation. It is fortified, contains 500 houses and 3000 inhabitants, and is a place of considerable transit trade. It is situated in long. 34. 53. E. and lat. 47. 44. N.

a market-town in the circle of Sophia, in the government of St Petersburg, in Russia. It stands on the Neva. In it are a sugar refinery, tanneries, and the imperial china manufactory.

a town in the circle of Petrosowodsk and province of Olonez, in Russia. It is on the lake Ladoga, and has extensive iron-works and foundries of cannon, with other branches of the manufacture of arms.