a circle in the province of Tula, of Russia in Europe, to the north of Moscow and east of Kaluga. It is a level district, watered by the river Oka and its tributary streams, of moderate fertility, and abundantly supplied with wood. It comprehends one city and 74 parishes, containing 241 villages and about 90,000 inhabitants. The capital of the circle, of the same name, is built on the river Oka, has three stone and one wooden church, with 1850 inhabitants, of whom some make hats, and others soap. It is in long. 36. 30. E. and lat. 54. 42. N.