principality of Modena, in Italy, situated about four leagues from that city.

Carpi, Ugo da, an Italian painter, of no very considerable talents in the art, but remarkable for being the inventor of that species of engraving on wood, distinguished by the name of chiaro-scuro, in imitation of drawing. This is performed by using more blocks than one. Ugo da Carpi usually had three; the first for the outline and dark shadows, the second for the lighter shadows, and the third for the half tint. In this manner he struck off prints after several designs, and cartoons of Raphael, particularly one of the Sibyl, a Descent from the Cross, and the History of Simon the Sorcerer. He died in 1500. The art was brought to a still higher degree of perfection by Balthazar Peruzzi of Siena, and Parmigiano, who published several excellent designs in this manner.

Carpi, Girolamo da, historical and portrait painter, was born at Ferrara in 1501, and became a disciple of Garofalo. When he quitted that master, he devoted his whole time, thoughts, and attention to study the works of Correggio, and to copy them with the most critical care and observation; in which labour he spent several years at Parma, Modena, and other cities of Italy, where the best works of that exquisite painter were preserved. He acquired such excellence in the imitation of Correggio's style, and in copying his pictures, that many paintings finished by him were taken for originals, and not only admired, but eagerly purchased by the connoisseurs of that time. Nor is it improbable that several of the paintings of Girolamo da Carpi pass at this day for genuine works of Correggio himself. He died in 1556.

Carpinio, a city of Italy, in the Neapolitan province Capitanata. It is situated on the river Gargano, and contains 4860 inhabitants.

Carpopratians, a branch of the ancient Gnostics, so called from Carpoprates, who in the second century revived and improved upon the errors of Simon Magus, Menander, Saturninus, and other Gnostics. He owned with them one sole principle and author of all things, whose name as well as nature was unknown. The word, he taught, was created by angels, beings vastly inferior to the first principle. He opposed the divinity of Jesus Christ; representing him as a mere man, begotten carnally on the body of Mary by Joseph, though possessed of uncommon gifts, which set him above other creatures. He incultated a community of women; and taught that the soul could not be purified till it had committed all kinds of abominations, which he considered as a necessary condition of perfection.