a principality forming a part of the dominions of the grand duchy of Saxe Coburg-Gotha, in Germany. It is an elevated district of the Thuringian Mountains, where, though the climate is cold, the soil is fertile. Some of the portions are separated from the main body, and from each other, by the intervening territory of other states. The extent of the whole is 649 square miles. It is divided into fourteen bailiwicks, and contains five cities, six market-towns, a hundred and sixty-four villages, with 88,639 inhabitants. The capital, the city of Gotha, in longitude 10° 37' 33" east, and latitude 50° 57' 4" north, is 1220 feet above the level of the sea, one of the most beautiful of the Saxon cities. It contains 1256 houses, and 12,500 inhabitants. The ducal palace or castle rises above the city, and has a magnificent appearance from the whole surrounding country. There are in it some fine pictures, a library of 60,000 volumes, and a museum of coins and medals, both ancient and modern, surpassing any other in Europe. Near Gothard the city, on a lake, is an astronomical observatory, long occupied by Baron Zach, the celebrated astronomer. It is a town of considerable trade, having manufactories of cotton, woollen, and linen goods, and other articles.