a circle of the Russian province Kaluga, extending from N. lat. 54. 28. to 55. 19., and from E. long. 34. 42. to 35. 46., being 1328 square miles, with a population of 76,800 persons. The capital is a town of the same name, 583 miles from Petersburg; it is situated on the river Medynka, and has 195 houses, with 1250 inhabitants. A battle was fought near it, on the 14th of October 1812, when the French were defeated. Lat. 55. 4. Long. 37. 45. E.