a circle of the Russian province of Kaluga, extending in east longitude from 36° 18' to 37° 3', and in north latitude from 53° 58' to 54° 48'. The soil is generally poor; and though the circle comprehends 2310 square miles, the inhabitants are only 170,500. It contains several lakes, some of them extensive. The capital, of the same name, 614 miles distant from St Petersburg, is situated on the river Mosalka, and has 343 houses, and 1640 inhabitants. Long. 34° 45' E. Lat. 53° 35' N.