a circle of the province of Moscow, in Russia, extending over 630 square miles, and comprehending one city, one market-town, and 264 villages, with 56,530 inhabitants. The capital is the city of the same name, situated on the Moshaiska. It is fortified, and has a strong citadel. It was burned down on the retreat of the French in 1812, but has been since rebuilt and improved. It contains seven churches, a monastery, 670 houses, and 4240 inhabitants. Long. 27° 50'. E. Lat. 55° 40'. N.