or Dnieper, a large river of Europe, and one of the most considerable of the north, formerly called the Borysthenes. Its source is in the middle of Muscovy, and it runs westward by Smolensko as far as Orsa; it then turns south, and passing by Mohilow, Bohaczko, Kiow, Czyrkassy, the fortress of Kudak, Dessau, and Oczakow, falls into the Black Sea.