in a watch, are the small teeth at the bottom of the fusee or barrel, which stops it in winding up.

RATES, in the navy, mean the orders or classes into which the ships of war are divided, according to their force and magnitude.

Ships of the first rate mount a hundred guns, having forty-two pounders on the lower deck, twenty-four pounders on the middle deck, twelve-pounders on the upper deck, and six-pounders on the quarter-deck and forecastle. They are manned with 850 men, including officers, seamen, marines, and servants.

Ships of the second rate carry ninety guns upon three decks, of which those on the lower battery are thirty-two-pounders; those on the middle eighteen-pounders; on the upper deck twelve-pounders; and those on the quarter-deck six-pounders, which usually amount to four or six. Their complement of men is 750, in which there are six lieutenants, four master's mates, twenty-four midshipmen, and four surgeon's mates, fourteen quarter-masters and their mates, eight boatswain's mates and yeomen, six gunner's mates and yeomen, with twenty-two quarter-gunners, two carpenter's mates with ten assistants, and one steward and steward's mate.

Ships of the third rate carry from sixty-four to eighty cannon, which are thirty-two, eighteen, and nine-pounders. The eighty-gun ships, however, begin to grow out of repute, and to give way to those of seventy-four, seventy, &c., which have only two whole batteries; whereas the former have three, with twenty-eight guns planted on each, the cannon of their upper deck being the same as those on the quarter-deck and forecastle of the latter, which are nine-pounders. The complement in a seventy-four is 650, and in a sixty-four 500 men; these have in peace four lieutenants, but in war five, and, when an admiral is aboard, six. They have also three master's mates, sixteen midshipmen, three surgeon's mates, ten quarter-masters and their mates, six boatswain's mates and yeomen, four gunner's mates and yeomen, with eighteen quarter-gunners, one carpenter's mate with eight assistants, and one steward and steward's mate under the purser.

Ships of the fourth rate mount from sixty to fifty guns, upon two decks and the quarter-deck. The lower tier is composed of twenty-four pounders, the upper tier of twelve-pounders, and the cannon on the quarter deck and forecastle are six-pounders. The complement of a fifty-gun ship is 350 men, in which there are three lieutenants, two master's mates, ten midshipmen, two surgeon's mates, eight quarter-masters and their mates, four boatswain's mates and yeomen, one gunner's mate and one yeoman, with twelve quarter-gunners, one carpenter's mate and six assistants, a steward and steward's mate.

All vessels of war under the fourth rate are usually comprehended under the general name of frigates, and never appear in the line of battle. They are divided into the fifth and sixth rates; the former mounting from forty to thirty-two guns, and the latter from twenty-eight to twenty. The largest of the fifth rate have two decks of cannon, the lower battery being of eighteen-pounders, and that of the upper deck of nine-pounders; but those of thirty-six and thirty-two guns have one complete deck of guns, mounting twelve-pounders, besides the quarter-deck and forecastle, which carry six-pounders. The complement of a ship of forty-four guns is 280 men, and that of a frigate of thirty-six guns 240 men. The first has three and the second two lieutenants; and both have two master's mates, six midshipmen, two surgeon's mates, six quarter-masters and their mates, two boatswain's mates and one yeoman, one gunner's mate and one yeoman, with ten or eleven quarter-gunners, and one purser's steward.

Frigates of the sixth rate carry nine-pounders, those of twenty guns having three-pounders on their quarter-deck, with 200 men for their complement; and those of twenty-four 160 men. The former has two lieutenants, the latter one; and both have two master's mates, four midshipmen, one surgeon's mate, four quarter-masters and their mates, one boatswain's mate and one yeoman, one gunner's mate and one yeoman, with six or seven quarter-gunners, and one purser's steward.

The sloops of war carry from eight to eighteen cannon, the largest of which have six-pounders; and the smallest, that is, those of eight or ten guns, four-pounders. Their officers are generally the same as in the sixth rates, with little variation; and their complements of men vary from 60 to 120, in proportion to their force or magnitude. Bomb-vessels are on the same establishment as sloops; but fireships and hospital-ships are on that of fifth rates.